1. News http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/11/05/environmental _officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_c harles_river/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/11/05/environmental _officials_urge_halving_of_phosphorous_levels_in_upper_middle_c harles_river/ http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/05/yellowston e_yields_1200_species_in_1_day_study/http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/05/yellowston e_yields_1200_species_in_1_day_study/ http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2 009/11/05/with_tax_break_a_big_carbon_footprint/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2 009/11/05/with_tax_break_a_big_carbon_footprint/ http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/11/05/clunkers_milea ge_impact_queried/http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/11/05/clunkers_milea ge_impact_queried/ http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/11/02/kilimanjaro.glaciers/i ndex.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/11/02/kilimanjaro.glaciers/i ndex.html http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/11/02/5000_year s_later_a_new_warming_warning/http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/11/02/5000_year s_later_a_new_warming_warning/ http://www.kansas.com/news/breaking/story/1033346.html

2. Stratospheric Ozone 75% of Mass below 17 km >390 nm 200-300 nm 2000 m—0.8 bar 5500 m—0.5 bar (18,000 feet) Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.orgwww.aerospaceweb.org

3. Light Image courtesy of www.coralnet.cawww.coralnet.ca

4. Blackbody Radiation 500 nm Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

5. Sunlight Spectrum UVA=320-400 nm UVB=280-320 nm UVC=<280 nm

6. Stratospheric Vs. Tropospheric Ozone Image courtesy of www.aerospaceweb.orgwww.aerospaceweb.org

7. Ozone Depletion O 2 + hv  O + O O + O 2  O 3 O 3 + hv (<290 nm)  O 2 + O O 3 + Cl  O 2 + ClO ClO + O  O 2 + Cl O 3 + O  2O 2 Cl can catalyze destruction of O 3 100,000 times

8. Reactions Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

9. Freons completely inert 10-20 year lag in troposphere 65-135 year residence time in stratosphere Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

10. Overall ~5% Global Decrease in Stratospheric Ozone Predicted Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare.

11. Slow Leakage Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

12. Cancer Causing DNA Breakage due to UV rays Image courtesy of www.assh.orgwww.assh.org

13. Melanoma Image courtesy of visualsonline.cancer.govvisualsonline.cancer.gov

14. Carcinomas Image courtesy of www.seattlecca.orgwww.seattlecca.org

16. Shift in Norms Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

17. Antarctic Ozone Depletion (Spring) Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

18. Antarctic Ozone Hole 5% loss in O3  500% increase at 287 nm Image courtesy of NOAA Research

19. Polar Vortex, Spring Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

20. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) Antarctic Spring Polar Vortex Stratospheric clouds made of ice (nitric acid) Sunlight initiate reactions Heterogeneous chemistry (on particles)

21. Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

22. Index Card How can we solve this problem?

23. Solutions US Clean Air Act: Venting of CFC/HCFC Refrigerants Illegal July1, 1992 Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

24. Regulations Source: NASA

25. Solved? By 2050 Hydro Halocarbons (HFCs) Single manufacturer (Dupont) Scientific consensus Simple chemistry Source: www.sabertec.orgwww.sabertec.org

26. Image courtesy of Leland McInnes, WikipediaLeland McInnes, Wikipedia