1. The War Begins 19.1

2. Presidential election of 1860  In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president.  Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery.  This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.

4. Learning Target #1 Describe what led to the bombardment of Ft. Sumter and explain why this event was importantDescribe what led to the bombardment of Ft. Sumter and explain why this event was important

5. Abraham Lincoln Faced a Crisis Asked for unity in his inauguration speech Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm

6. Fort Sumter, South Carolina Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort SumterSince South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter Southern General Beauregard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort SumterSouthern General Beauregard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter l

7. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate officials began seizing federal- mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. Confederate officials began seizing federal- mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost guarding entrance to Charleston, SC. harbor Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost guarding entrance to Charleston, SC. harbor

8. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Confederate forces asked for its surrender.Confederate forces asked for its surrender. Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. The Civil War began.The Civil War began.

9. Abraham Lincoln Declared South to be in rebellion Requested state governors to supply 75,000 militiamen Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm

11. Learning Target #2 Identify which side of the conflict Arkansas & the Upper South joined & explain whyIdentify which side of the conflict Arkansas & the Upper South joined & explain why

12. All free Northern states remained loyal to the Union Southern states that had not seceded had to choose sides

13. NC, Tenn, Ark & Va joined Confederacy providing soldiers and industrial resources after Lincoln’s call for troops Four slave states remained in Union

14. Jefferson Davis President for the SouthPresident for the South South’s Capital was Richmond, VirginiaSouth’s Capital was Richmond, Virginia http://www.heritagephotographs.com/presjefdav18.html

15. Learning Target #3 Explain why both North and South wanted to claim the border statesExplain why both North and South wanted to claim the border states

16. The Border States Ky & Mo controlled key stretches of Ohio & Mississippi RiversKy & Mo controlled key stretches of Ohio & Mississippi Rivers Maryland enclosed Washington D.C.Maryland enclosed Washington D.C. People were dividedPeople were divided West Virginia 1863West Virginia 1863

17. Which slave states remained in the Union?

18. NorthSouth 23 States11 States UnionConfederate YankeeRebel Blue CoatsGrey Coats USACSA Army of the Potomac River Virginia Federal

19. Northern Advantages Larger populationLarger population –North 22 million –South Only 9 million More shipsMore ships Larger, more efficient railroad systemLarger, more efficient railroad system Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicatedLincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated More industry - 81% of nation’s factoriesMore industry - 81% of nation’s factories Better banking system to raise $ for the warBetter banking system to raise $ for the war –75% of nation’s wealth

20. More Specific Northern Advantages Wealth produced:Wealth produced: –Factory production –Textile goods produced – Iron production – Coal production – Farm acreage –Draft animals – Livestock – Wheat production – Corn production

21. Northern Disadvantages Fought on Southern landsFought on Southern lands Divided support for the warDivided support for the war Many believed the South had good chance of winningMany believed the South had good chance of winning Southern Advantages Skilled officers and a strong military traditionSkilled officers and a strong military tradition

22. Other Southern Advantages Fighting a defensive war – –Local support of all men – –familiarity with terrain Motivation: seeking independence, unified support Short communication lines/ friendly population Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France Slave Labor in the early part of the war

23. Overview of Southern Disadvantages Smaller population Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies Poor transportation system Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states – –Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

24. Rating the North & South

25. Learning Target #4 Analyze the strategies each side followed at the beginning of the warAnalyze the strategies each side followed at the beginning of the war

26. North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

27. The Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond and force surrenderCapture Richmond and force surrender Expel Confederates from border statesExpel Confederates from border states Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: – soldiers –Weapons –Ammunition –Clothes –Food –other supplies needed Blockade southern ports to stopBlockade southern ports to stop –cotton shipments –supplies from foreign nations

28. Southern Strategy Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of lifeGoal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fightingDefend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting Capture Washington, D.C.Capture Washington, D.C. Control border statesControl border states Gain England's support Cotton DiplomacyGain England's support Cotton Diplomacy Expel Union troops from SouthExpel Union troops from South

29. Which side was best prepared for victory at the start of the war?

30. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

31. Railroad Lines, 1860

32. Resources: North & South

33. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

34. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

35. Secession!: Post Fort Sumter