2. Test Prep…  TEACH yourself, TEST yourself, and TALK to yourself. Just like remembering the lyrics to your favorite song ( read the lyrics, sing the lyrics, and rehearse the lyrics) - the same should be true for your class work.  Discuss your studies with others. If you can openly talk about it with simplicity, that is a sure way that you have it in long term memory.

3. 1. Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins

5. 2. Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down the sugar lactose. Which term best describes lactase? A. enzyme B. fatty acid C. lipid D. starch

6. A. enzymes

7. 3. What is nondisjunction? A. failure of genes to be passed on to future generations B. Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis C. A duplication of genes on a chromosome

8. B. Failure to separate

9. 4. What best describes the role of RNA molecules that form in the nucleus? A. RNA molecules carry the code from DNA to the ribosomes. B. RNA molecules determine how an organism looks and acts. C. RNA molecules attach to the ribosome.

10. A. mRNA carries the code to the ribosomes

11. 5. Which is referred to as a cell’s “powerhouse?” A. Cytoskeleton B. Mitochondrion C. Flagellum D. Lysosome

12. A. Mitochondrion (Plural is mitochondria, Singular is mitochondrion)

13. 6. Why can a single nitrogen base deletion in DNA be harmful to an organism? A. Deletion causes chromosomes to join backwards or join the wrong chromosomes. B. Deletion causes nearly every amino acid in the protein to change. C. Deletion causes a gamete to have an extra chromosome.

14. B. Deletion causes nearly every amino acid in the protein to change.

15. 7. What is an change of allelic frequencies by chance events that greatly affects small populations? A. Genetic drift B. Allelic frequency C. Genetic equilibrium D. Gene pool

16. A. Genetic drift

17. 8. Dolphins and fish are unrelated vertebrates with similar body shapes that are adapted for moving efficiently through water. What evolutionary process is shown by this example? A. Convergent evolution B. Divergent evolution C. Reproductive isolation

18. A. Convergent evolution

19. 9. What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis? A. A theory is a scientific explanation. B. A theory is testable. C. A theory is the observation of a natural phenomenon. D. They are the same thing.

20. A. A theory is a scientific explanation. A theory is testable? No - (A hypothesis is testable.) A theory is the observation of a natural phenomenon.?No - (A scientific law is an observation.)

21. 10. A plant or animal that contains functional recombinant DNA from an organism of a different genus are known as a ______ organism. A. Recombinant B. Heterozygous C. Hybrid D. Transgenic

23. 12. Which process results in an RNA copy of a DNA strand? A. Translation B. Transcription C. Replication D. Mitosis

24. B. Transcription

25. 13. How does camouflage aid in the evolutionary process? A. Camouflage enables an organism to copy the appearance of another species. B. Organisms that are well camouflaged are more likely to escape predators and survive to reproduce. C. This adaptation helps an organism mutate.

26. B. Organisms that are well camouflaged are more likely to escape predators and survive to reproduce.

27. 14. What is a mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from DNA? A. Chromosomal mutation B. Frameshift mutation C. Point mutation

28. B. frameshift

29.  15. What is cellular respiration? A. A process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and release energy. B. A process that rids the body of nitrogen gases. C. A process in which the muscles of the chest cavity contract and relax.

30. A. A process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and release energy.

31.  16. How does penicillin affect a bacterial cell? A. It interferes with the construction and repair of a bacterial cell wall. B. It interferes with protein synthesis. C. It interferes with DNA replication. D. It interferes with transcription.

32. A. It interferes with the construction and repair of a bacterial cell wall.

33.  17. A karyotype of a human female shows that she has only one sex chromosome. Which genotype would represent her genetic condition? A. XO B. XXX C. XY D. XYY

34. A. XO

35. 18. Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

36. C. proteins

37. 19. What are two methods of nitrogen fixation? A. bacteria and lightning B. decomposition and excretion C. Respiration and transpiration D. Condensation and evaporation

38. A. bacteria and lightning (Primarily bacteria, small amount fixed by lightning)

39. 20. Which of the following is a biotic factor? A. Air B. Soil C. Water D. Tree

41. 21. What is the main function of the projections that cover the HIV? A. They help the virus move and grow. B. They aid in respiration. C. They help the virus invade its host.

43. 2 2. In genetics research, what is the purpose of a test cross? A. to determine the phenotypes of a parent B. to determine the genotypes of a parent C. to determine whether or not two parents could produce viable offspring

44. B. to determine the genotypes of a parent

45. 23. Sexual reproduction provides for what to occur? A. cloning B. budding C. genetic stability D. genetic variation

47. 24. A plant is placed near a window, and after a few weeks, you notice that the stem begins to bend toward the window. This tropic response is: A. Phototropism B. Gravitropism C. Thigmotropism D. D. none of the above

48. A. Phototropism

49. 25. What cells are responsible for opening and closing stomata? A. Meristem cells B. Guard cells C. Cellulose cells D. Trichomes

50. B. Guard cells

51. 26. Amoebas form extensions of their plasma membranes to move and feed. These extensions are called: A. Vacuoles B. Flagella C. Pseudopodia D. Cilia

52. 27. Sometimes viral DNA incorporates itself into the host’s genetic material. What is the viral DNA called after this occurs? A. Bacteriophage B. Provirus C. Adenovirus D. Retrovirus