1. Attention Students This presentation is posted for those who missed the day that Benson did this presentation and for those who want to review. This presentation is posted for those who missed the day that Benson did this presentation and for those who want to review. It is best if you copy the notes from a classmate before viewing the presentation. It is best if you copy the notes from a classmate before viewing the presentation. The presentation works best if you download it to your computer before viewing. As go through the presentation, click on the hyperlinks (lime green). The presentation works best if you download it to your computer before viewing. As go through the presentation, click on the hyperlinks (lime green). Obviously, some of the slides won’t make sense because you are not listening to the teacher as you are looking at them. Obviously, some of the slides won’t make sense because you are not listening to the teacher as you are looking at them. IMPORTANT: If you were gone be sure to look at everything else that is posted on Benson’s web site at www.formontana.net/unit4.html IMPORTANT: If you were gone be sure to look at everything else that is posted on Benson’s web site at www.formontana.net/unit4.html www.formontana.net/unit4.html

2. Doppler RADAR What is inside the sphere?

3. Why not just put it inside a building? Rotates once every 6 minutes.

4. RA dio D etection A nd R anging RADAR? How do you think it was discovered that RADAR could work for weather?

5. Which area has the most? NEXRADTDWR Station is down

7. NEXRAD system completed in 1999 Upgraded in 2011-2012

8. Dual Pol NEXRAD

9. National Weather Service Forecast Office Glasgow, Montana Glasgow, Montana

10. Date goes here. NEXRAD Great Falls, Billings., Missoula., Glasgow Great Falls, Billings., Missoula., Glasgow Great Falls Great Falls “Ground-Based”... Its on the ground, not on a satellite... Can be “mobile” “Ground-Based”... Its on the ground, not on a satellite... Can be “mobile”mobile 2 options (displays) 2 options (displays) 1. Reflectivity: shows where it is raining, etc. 1. Reflectivity: shows where it is raining, etc. 1. Reflectivity 1. Reflectivity RADAR waves reflect off of snow, rain, etc. RADAR waves reflect off of snow, rain, etc. A “hook” shape indicates rotation (mesocylone) A “hook” shape indicates rotation (mesocylone)hook 2. Velocity: shows wind speed and direction in a thunderstorm 2. Velocity: shows wind speed and direction in a thunderstorm 2. Velocity 2. Velocity Uses the Doppler Effect to detect rotation Uses the Doppler Effect to detect rotation Current RADAR Image Current RADAR Image Doppler Radar

11. The END Students be sure to carefully read this web page: www.fomontana.net/hook.htmlwww.fomontana.net/hook.html

12. Near Great Falls NEXT Great Falls, Montana

13. There is a problem with coverage in Helena. NEXT

14. Another problem... Virga

15. NEXRAD

16. Back to NE Back to NE Back to NE Back to NE Why are most meteorologists that work in Montana NWS offices from out of state?

18. 186,000 miles/second

20. GOES East July 20 2001 7 pm

21. http://formontana.net/swath.html

22. 3 pm 10 pm Great Falls. Glasgow Over $30 million in damages

23. HavreHavre NorthDakota SouthDakota Wyoming Glasgow BACK

27. Tuscaloosa Tornado April 27, 2011 April 27, 2011 5:40 pm

28. Tornado kills 2 in NE Montana July 2010

29. Back to NE Back to NE

32. Billings

33. NEXT: Malta

34. Eastern Montana July 20, 2001 SW edge of storm X

35. X BACK to NE

36. D.O.W. D.O.W. BACK BACK

37. Types of Thunderstorms Single-cell – “ Isolated ” “ Isolated ” Multi-Cell Cluster – Called a “ Mesoscale Convective Complex ” Called a “ Mesoscale Convective Complex ” Multi-Cell “ Squall line ” – Can be several individual cells in a lineseveral individual cells in a line – Can be several MCCs in a lineseveral MCCs in a line “ Supercell ” “ Supercell ” – The most dangerous kind – A single, huge thunderstorm (on steroids) – Needs its “ own space ” NEXT

38. May be 10 miles across BACK

39. Reminders, etc. Reminders, etc. Friday is mid-term Friday is mid-term Test on Wednesday: STORMS Test on Wednesday: STORMS Today Today StormPulse.com StormPulse.com StormPulse.com Finish watching TWISTER Finish watching TWISTER Watch for “Dorothy” Watch for “Dorothy” Grade check during video Grade check during video Attendance 12-3-09

40. Mesoscale Convective Complex a multicell thunderstorm (last at least 6 hours) BACK

41. GOES East July 20 2001 7 pm BACK