1. A test of your observation skills… Contributions by D. Padilla, D. Johnson, & E. Marconi For more optical illusions go to: http://www.123opticalillusions.com/

2. Observations Use one or more of the 5 senses to gather information A noting and recording of…. FACTS!!! Example: There is one TV in the room.

3. Observations Observations: We use our senses to gather information about the world around us. There are two types of observations.

4. Qualitative Qualitative observation: (quality) Usually made with our senses. Color, shape, feel, taste, sound. Examples: Olivia is wearing a blue sweater. The lab tabletop is smooth. The dog’s fur is shiny.

5. Quantitative Quantitative observation: (quantity) How many. Will always have a number. Based on exact measurement. Examples: The room is 8 meters across. Sarah is 141-cm tall. Sam weighs 450 Newtons.

6. Inferences Logical interpretation based upon prior knowledge and experience Based upon observations Example: When you entered the room, you most likely inferred that the individual in the front of the room is the teacher.

7. Making Inferences You are at the counter in the office to get a bus pass signed. You see a student leave the principal’s office crying and upset. We could make an inference as to why the student is upset. Could be in trouble (ISS, OSS, expelled) Family problems at home (sick, accident) Student not feeling well Student has poor grades (failing, retention)

8. Note the Differences In laboratory exercises, record observations NOT inferences Inferences may be used when writing the conclusion in your lab report. Let’s test your observation skills…

9. Observation vs Inference List 3 Observations List 3 Inferences

10. Observation vs Inference List 3 Observations List 3 Inferences

11. Observation vs Inference List 3 Observations List 3 Inferences

12. Resources: http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/highlandsprings/me ade_j/Units/Unit%201/Unit%201,%20Part%201%20No tes.PPT#289,43,Experimental Design http://www.cobb.k12.ga.us/~dickerson/sci%20method.ppt#256,1,Scientific Method

13. Take a good look at this picture

14. Question 1 Are there cars parked on the sides of the road?

15. Question 2 What color is the pickup truck driving in the road?

16. Question 3 Any minivans around?

17. Question 4 What does the blue sign say?

18. Question 5 What's the speed limit?

19. Question 6 Are there any pedestrians on the road?

21. Answers 1. Yes 2. Blue 3. Yes 4. Yard Sale 5. 35 mph 6. No

22. Observation vs Inference On the next slide, state whether the statement is an observation or an inference.

23. 1. There is a representation of a face on one side of the coin. 2. The Latin word "Dei" means "God." 3. The coin was made by deeply religious people. 4. The date 1722 is printed on one side of the coin. 5. The coin was made in 1722. 6. The face on the coin is a representation of the nation's president.

24. How many legs does the elephant have?

25. What do you see?

26. This image contains a picture and a word. Do you see both of them?

27. Look at the chart and say the color, NOT the word Your right brain tried to say the color, but your left brain was reading the word.

28. Quick Quiz on Inference Identify which portions of the following statements are observations and which are inferences. Check your answers below. 1. When paper burns, that is a chemical reaction because the paper becomes brittle and then powdery while it changes color to black and then to white (or light grey). Also, heat and light are given off. 2. There are some flashing red and blue lights up ahead, so I better slow down. 3. Distilled water is a transparent, colorless, homogeneous liquid.

29. Predictions Guessing what will happen NEXT based on your observations Ex: If, on a sunny day, you observe a massive line of dark clouds quickly advances, what prediction can you make?

30. Predictions vs. Inferences Predictions and Inferences can be confused easily Inference: What is happening NOW based on observations Prediction: What is GOING TO happen based on observations

31. Observations, Inference, or Prediction? 1. The cat is wearing a lime on it’s head. ______ 2. The cat is going to go on a motorcycle ride. _____ 3. The cat likes eating limes. ________ 4. Somebody put the lime on the cat’s head. _____ 5. The lime is green. _____ 6. The cat likes wearing the lime helmet. ______ 7. The cat is going to take the lime helmet off. ____