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Chapter 1 Introduction
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In this chapter we will learn about structure and function of computer and possibly nature and characteristics of computer. At the end of this chapter you be able to understand: What is computer What is organization and architecture of computer Structure and function of computer Understand inside of CPU,ALU,REGISTERS. Objectives of todays lecture
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Computer: Computer A computer is a device that accepts Information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration
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Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization
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All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Architecture & Organization 2
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Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure Structure & Function
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All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Function
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Functional View
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Operations (a) Data movement
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Operations (b) Storage
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Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
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Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O
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Structure - Top Level Computer Main Memory Input Output Systems Interconnection Peripherals Communication lines Central Processing Unit Computer
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Structure - The CPU Computer Arithmetic and Login Unit Control Unit Internal CPU Interconnection Registers CPU I/O Memory System Bus CPU
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Structure - The Control Unit CPU Control Memory Control Unit Registers and Decoders Sequencing Login Control Unit ALU Registers Internal Bus Control Unit
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Computer Evolution and Performance Computer Interconnection Structures Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output Operating Systems Support Computer Arithmetic Instruction Sets Outline of the Book (1)
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CPU Structure and Function Reduced Instruction Set Computers Superscalar Processors Control Unit Operation Microprogrammed Control Multiprocessors and Vector Processing Digital Logic (Appendix) Outline of the Book (2)
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http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc Internet Resources - Web site for book
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WWW Computer Architecture Home Page CPU Info Center Processor Emporium ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture Intel Technology Journal Manufacturer’s sites Intel, IBM, etc. Internet Resources - Web sites to look for
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comp.arch comp.arch.arithmetic comp.arch.storage comp.parallel Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups
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Video lectures of computer organization and architecture https://youtu.be/vDxyrEvKPa4?li st=PL6tk8xkG6ZQfFjCZhFFuG HpKqfxHAy8sw https://youtu.be/UX64uR63jys https://youtu.be/K_21dNxKC4o https://youtu.be/VxZh5NuotNo
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Thank you
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