1. Tissues are: Tissues are: Collections of specialized cells and cell products organized to perform a limited number of functions Collections of specialized cells and cell products organized to perform a limited number of functions Histology = study of tissues Histology = study of tissues The four tissue types are: The four tissue types are: Epithelial Epithelial Connective Connective Muscular Muscular Nervous Nervous Tissues and tissue types

2. Includes glands and epithelium Includes glands and epithelium Glands are secretory Glands are secretory Is avascular Is avascular Forms a protective barrier that regulates permeability Forms a protective barrier that regulates permeability Cells may show polarity Cells may show polarity Epithelial tissue

3. Physical protection Physical protection Control permeability Control permeability Provide sensation Provide sensation Produce specialized secretions Produce specialized secretions Functions of epithelium

4. Perform secretory functions Perform secretory functions Perform transport functions Perform transport functions Maintain physical integrity Maintain physical integrity Ciliated epithelia move materials across their surface Ciliated epithelia move materials across their surface Specializations of epithelium

5. The Polarity of Epithelial Cells

6. Cells attach via cell adhesion molecules (CAM) Cells attach via cell adhesion molecules (CAM) Cells attach at specialized cell junctions Cells attach at specialized cell junctions Tight junctions Tight junctions Desmosomes Desmosomes Gap junctions Gap junctions Maintaining the integrity of epithelium

7. Intercellular connections

8. Establishing a structural framework Establishing a structural framework Transporting fluids and dissolved materials Transporting fluids and dissolved materials Protecting delicate organs Protecting delicate organs Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues Storing energy reserves Storing energy reserves Defending the body from microorganisms Defending the body from microorganisms Connective tissue functions:

9. Specialized cells Specialized cells Matrix Matrix Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance Connective tissues contain

10. A Classification of Connective Tissues

11. Contains varied cell populations Contains varied cell populations Contains various fiber types Contains various fiber types A syrupy ground substance A syrupy ground substance Connective tissue proper

12. The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper

13. Adipose and Reticular Tissues

14. Dense Connective Tissues

17. Fluid connective tissue Contains a distinctive cell population Contains a distinctive cell population Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins Two types Two types Blood Blood Lymph Lymph

18. Less diverse cell population Less diverse cell population Dense ground substance Dense ground substance Closely packed fibers Closely packed fibers Two types Two types Cartilage Cartilage Bone Bone Supporting connective tissues

19. Cartilage and bone support the rest of the body Cartilage and bone support the rest of the body Cartilage Cartilage Grows via interstitial and appositional growth Grows via interstitial and appositional growth Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfate Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfate Cells called chondrocytes Cells called chondrocytes Cells found in lacunae Cells found in lacunae Perichondrium separates cartilage from surrounding tissues Perichondrium separates cartilage from surrounding tissues Three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage Three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage Supporting connective tissues

20. Marfan Syndrome Abnormal fibrillin Cartilage is not as strong Affects a lot of body systems

21. Vocal Cords in Action http://www.entusa.com/larynx_videos_fl ash/normal_larynx/normal_larynx_flv0.h tmhttp://www.entusa.com/larynx_videos_fl ash/normal_larynx/normal_larynx_flv0.h tm

22. The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage

25. Has osteocytes Has osteocytes Depend on diffusion through canaliculi for nutrients Depend on diffusion through canaliculi for nutrients Little ground substance Little ground substance Dense mineralized matrix Dense mineralized matrix Surrounded by periosteum Surrounded by periosteum Bone, or osseus tissue

26. Bone

27. Specialized for contraction Specialized for contraction Three types Three types Skeletal Skeletal Cardiac Cardiac Smooth Smooth Muscle tissue

28. Cells are multinucleate Cells are multinucleate Striated voluntary muscle Striated voluntary muscle Divides via satellite cells Divides via satellite cells Skeletal muscle

29. Muscle Tissue

30. Cardiocytes occur only in the heart Cardiocytes occur only in the heart Striated involuntary muscle Striated involuntary muscle Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction Cardiac muscle

31. Muscle Tissue

32. Non-striated involuntary muscle Non-striated involuntary muscle Can divide and regenerate Can divide and regenerate Smooth muscle tissue

33. Conducts electrical impulses Conducts electrical impulses Conveys information from one area to another Conveys information from one area to another Neural tissue

34. Neurons Neurons Transmit information Transmit information Neuroglia Neuroglia Support neural tissue Support neural tissue Help supply nutrients to neurons Help supply nutrients to neurons Neural tissue cells

35. Cell body Cell body Dendrites Dendrites Axon (nerve fiber) Axon (nerve fiber) Carries information to other neurons Carries information to other neurons Neural anatomy

36. Neural Tissue