1. LGK Dic 2005 Inverse Problems and Earth System Modeling Challenges and opportunities in the Americas… The French connection Laura Gallardo Jaime Ortega Axel Osses

2. LGK Dic 2005 Contents Our group on Earth System Modeling and Inverse Problems Challenges and opportunities in the Americas, e.g., SAEMC The French connections and possibilities Concrete examples and products Summary

3. LGK Dic 2005 Earth System Modeling and Inverse Problems Chemical weather forecast…Kalman filter Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions…IP and integral equations Downscaling of climate change scenarios…Boundary conditions Stratosphere-troposphere exchange…Discontinuities

4. LGK Dic 2005 Project$ Urban Mobile Emissions in South American Cities (UMESAM, 2004- 2005)…South American Emissions, Megacities, and Climate (SAEMC, 2006- 2010) A Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies (EU-CLARIS, 2004-2007) CODELCO-IM2, 2004/2005:Design of an emission survey and control system ECOS (3+2) INRIA-CONICYT (1) FONDECYT (3)

5. LGK Dic 2005 South American Megacities SA M-cities concentrate population (75%), environmental problems and resources M-cities are global change drivers This issue can merge efforts and strenghten the region (Science- Policy)

6. LGK Dic 2005 South American Emissions, Megacities, and Climate (SAEMC, 2006-2010, 640 kUS$ ) Emissions scenarios estimate and evaluation. Dynamical down- scaling of climate change scenarios Implementation of a pilot chemical weather forecast network Prospective characterization of aerosols inside and downwind South American megacities

7. LGK Dic 2005 SAEMC –Participants and connections To take over the world!

8. LGK Dic 2005 IGAC Task activity on South American M-cities from 2006? IGAC SSC Meeting, October 2005

9. LGK Dic 2005 Chemical weather forecast CPTEC Brazil/CPTEC is the leading weather center in South America We aim at establishing a regional network for operational chemical weather forecast We start with a pilot activity linking CPTEC and the Chilean Weather Office (DMC) DMC will be using POLYPHEMUS, a French model

10. LGK Dic 2005 Axel…examples

11. LGK Dic 2005  We have established at the CMM a multidisciplinary research group working on IP and ESM Inverse modeling for source determination and data assimilation are active research areas There are strong (South) American, and European connections, as expressed in several projects. South American Emissions, Megacities, and Climate (SAEMC, 2006-2010) will provide a solid basis for research and international collaboration CNRS and INRIA have played a key role for our work, and we expect to count on that support in the next future