1. Infancy and Early Childhood  Alyssa, Amber, and Meghan

2. Video of Early Development

3. Fetal Development ● Average Pregnancy lasts 266 days. ● 3 Trimesters ● (3 months each) ● 38-42 weeks on average

5. 1 st Month ● Weeks 1&2 ● Conception typically occurs about 2 weeks after the last period. ● Week 3 ● Fertilization=Zygote ● 46 chromosomes (determine traits) ● Week 4 ● Implantation= Inner cells become an embryo

6. 2 nd Month ● Baby's brain, spinal cord, heart and other organs form. ● Neural tube is closing and the heart is pumping blood ● Basic facial features will begin to appear ● Baby's head develops ● Eyes are visible

7. 3 rd Month ● Arms grow, bones develop, and toes form ● Neck develops and eyelids begin to close to protect the eyes ● Red blood cells are beginning to form in the baby's liver ● Fingernails are developing and face has a human profile

8. 4 th Month (Start of 2 nd Trimester) ● Hair begins to form on the head ● Fingerprints develop ● Eyebrows and eyelashes grow in ● Skin becomes less transparent and fat begins to develop ● Liver and pancreas are almost developed

9. Months 5&6 ● Could survive with medical assistance ● Baby develops sleeping and waking cycles ● Startle reflex ● Air sacks in lungs develop

10. 7 th Month (Start of 3 rd Trimester) ● Some rhythmic breathing movements ● Bones are fully developed ● Fetus storing its own calcium, iron, and phosphorus ● Eyelids open

11. 8 th Month ● Descend into the head down position ● Rapid weight gain ● Lanugo hair disappears

12. 9 th Month ● Fetus is considered to be full term ● Less movement ● Organs are fully developed ● Ready to “make it's appearance” at any time

13. Infancy & Early Childhood Birth to 6 Years

14. Brain Development

15.  Birth to 2 years  0 – 3 months  3 – 9 months  12 – 18 months  24+ – 36+ months

16. Brain Development  Age 2 to 6 years  3 – 6 years, most rapid growth in frontal lobe  5 years of age

17. Cognitive

18.  Birth to 2 years  0 – 6 months  8 – 10 months  10 – 12 months  16 – 20 months

19. Cognitive  Age 2 to 5 years  2 years  2 – 4 years  5+ years

20. Physical

21.  Birth to 2 years  Body weight and height  Reflexes disappear  Motor skills

22. Physical  Age 2 to 5 years  Rapid growth  Body proportions  Fine and gross motor skills  5+ years

23. Social/ Emotional

24.  Birth to 2 years  Synchronized behavior  Secure attachments  Around 6 months  7 -8 months

25. Social/ Emotional  Age 2 to 5 years  2 – 3 years  3 – 4 years  5+ years

26. Early to Middle Childhood Ages 5 to 11

27. Physical growth  Gradual growth occurs  Not as noticeable as early childhood and adolescence  In the US kids in this stage grow 2-3 inches/year  Usually gain between 5 and 7 pounds/year  Large height gaps in groups of children in middle childhood are normal  Differences due to girls growth spurt starting around age 10

28. Motor Skills  Substantial growth of motor skills  Muscle coordination improves  Due to increased myelin around nerve cells  Sports become easier and more enjoyable  Fine motor skills improve  They are now able to write in cursive and tie their shoes without much difficulty

29. Cognitive  Concrete operational stage  Active and appropriate use of logic  Decentering skills  Children gain the ability to take many aspects of a situation into account  Memory capacity expands  They are also able to understand the process of memory  Benefit from cooperative learning in groups  Have the ability to gain insight from other kids

30. Cognitive  Metacognition  Ability to think about thoughts  Helps organization of child’s learning  Grammar and language use improves  Vocabulary gains another 5,000 words in this stage  Conversational skills develop  Give-and-take method, not just blabber  Metalinguistic awareness  May ask clarifying questions  Know that there are rules of language

31. Social/Emotional  Industry-versus-inferiority  Focused on gaining competence  Striving to master skills and get encouragement  Who Am I?  Social comparisons  Self-esteem develops more based on social comparisons  Friendships  Common interests  Help  Enjoy personal traits, not just the cool toys they have

32. Social/Emotional  Status  Popularity for high-status kids  High social skills  Factors that effect status may be taught  Conversational skills/social competence  Self-achievement  Becomes a motivation for them!  Problem solving skills are created  Helps to manage stress and other issues  Interpersonal skills  Helps to understand the behavior of others

33. Morals  Development  Proceeds from a concern with rewards and punishments, through a focus on social conventions, toward a sense of what is right and wrong (universal moral principals)

34. Many developmental milestones occur in middle childhood Growth process helps to give support to their success as a child The skills that they gain will most definitely help them succeed in further stages