1. Notes: Cell Unit Microscopes Eyepiece Body tube Objective Lenses Stage Diaphragm Mirror or Light source Course adj. Knob Fine adj. knob arm Stage clips base

2. The following scientists helped to develop the Cell Theory. 16651675183818391855 Robert Hooke Matthias Schleiden Rudolph Virchow Anton Van LeeuwenhoekTheodor Schwann Cell Scientists 1 st to discover cells, looked at cork 1 st to look at living things from pond water Saw that all plants are made of cells Saw that all animals are made of cells Studied diseases, saw cells dividing; cells come from other cells

3. 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms (living things) 2. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. The Cell Theory

4. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Pro- Before the nucleus Smaller, simpler DNA in nucleoid No organelles except ribosomes Includes Bacteria You are a Eukaryote Larger, more complex DNA in Nucleus Membrane bound organelles Includes Everything Else: Plants, Animals, Fungi, etc.

5. Warm-Up Staple all 3 parts of your Enzyme Lab together and place in the bin! Turn your signed parent signature form in! Have your Vocab homework and 3.A Notes out to be stamped! In your warm-up section: What is the total magnification for a microscope with an eyepiece that has 10x magnification and the objective lens that has 10x magnification? **Be prepared for your quiz!

6. CELL WALL Rigid structure outside of plasma membrane Provides support and protection Found in plant and fungi cells Plant cell wall- made of cellulose Fungi cell wall-made of chitin If the cell were a city, the cell wall would be CITY BORDER because… It outlines and protects the cell Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

7. If the cell were a city, the plasma membrane would be BORDER PATROL because… It determines what can enter and leave the cell PLASMA MEMBRANE The outer boundary of the cell Flexible Selectively permeable (selects what can enter/exit cell) Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

8. NUCLEUS The control center of the cell Contains DNA, coded instructions to make proteins Divides during mitosis Easily visible with microscope If the cell were a city, the nucleus would be the MAYOR because… It makes decisions for the whole cell Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

9. NUCLEOLUS Assembles ribosomes Located inside the nucleus If the cell were a city, the nucleolus would be a COLLEGE/TRADE SCHOOL because… It creates ribosomes that are used for another specific job Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

10. RIBOSOME Site of protein synthesis – where proteins are assembled Scattered throughout cell, can also be found on ER Most abundant organelle in the cell! If the cell were a city, the ribosome would be CONSTRUCTION COMPANY because… It builds proteins Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

11. Transports materials around cell Highly folded to increase surface area for chemical reactions Rough ER has ribosomes on it! If the cell were a city, the endoplasmic reticulum would be ROADS because… It transports stuff Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

12. GOLGI APPARATUS Modifies, sorts and packages proteins for export Can send packages within the cell or out of cell Flat stacks of membranes If the cell were a city, the Golgi apparatus would be POST OFFICE because… It sorts and packages proteins for delivery Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

13. VACUOLE Storage for food, water, waste Sac-like structure Large central vacuole found in plant cells; Few small vacuoles found in animal cells If the cell were a city, the vacuole would be SUPERMARKET because… It stores food and water Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? Large Vacuole in Plants, small ones in animals (also called Vessicles in animals)

14. LYSOSOME Digests or breaks down old organelles, food, etc. Sac-like structure that contains digestive enzymes If the cell were a city, the lysosome would be CITY DUMP because… Waste is left there to be broken down or recycled Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? Scientists didn’t think that plant cells have lysosomes, because the vacuole does similar things, and they don’t need to break down food since they make their own food. But new research shows that plants MAY have lysosomes.

15. MITOCHONDRIA Has an outer membrane with a highly folded inner membrane Produces energy for the cell by converting food (glucose) into ATP through Cellular Respiration If the cell were a city, the mitochondria would be POWER PLANT because… It produces energy for the cell Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

16. CHLOROPLAST Captures sunlight and converts it into food (glucose) through Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Has on outer membrane with stacks of membranes inside If the cell were a city, the chloroplast would be SOLAR PANELS because… They capture light energy Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

17. CYTOPLASM Clear, gelatinous fluid that fills the cell Supports or holds organelles If the cell were a city, the cytoplasm would be GROUND because… The ground holds all of the city parts Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

18. CYTOSKELETON Provides a framework or support for the cell Helps a cell maintain its shape Helps organelles move around the cell If the cell were a city, the cytoskeleton would be CONSTRUCTION SITES because… It builds a framework for the city Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

19. CENTRIOLES Pair of tubular structures that help in cellular division Found ONLY in animal cells and protista Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

20. CILIA Short, hair-like projections on a cell’s surface Motion is similar to oars in a rowboat Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

21. FLAGELLA Long projection on a cell’s surface Flagella make a whipping motion for movement Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

22. Period 2 Warm Up Have homework out and calendar to be stamped! Which structures match the functions below? Protection Framework of cell Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane Cytoskeleton Cell Wall

23. Period 6 Warm Up Have homework out and calendar to be stamped! Which structures match the functions below? Protection Framework of cell Selectively Permeable

24. Human Body Systems and Functions Skeletal System- protects organs and gives the body structure Integumentary/Skin System- controls what can enter the body Blood plasma- fluid that holds red and white blood cells Brain and CNS- controls functions of body Digestive System- breaks down food for energy Excretory System- removes waste from the body Circulatory System- transports materials throughout the body Muscular System with Skeletal System- movement Arteries/Veins- carries nutrients to other parts of the body Reproductive System- aids in the production of new organisms/cells Stomach- holds food and water

25. Cell Analogy Example

26. Warm-Up Have your questions and calendar out to be stamped! In your warm up section, answer the following: 1.Which scientist saw the first living things under a microscope? 2.Which scientist saw that all plants are made of cells? 3.What did scientists use to see these microscopic organisms and living cells? 4.Which organelle is responsible for transporting materials?

27. Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

28. Stem Cells

29. Cell Specialization Specialized Cell – Form = Function A cell that has a specific job (function) in the cell. Because of the specific job, It has a specific shape or form

30. Plant vs. Animal ChloroplastLysosomes Cell wallNo Cell Wall Large VacuoleSmall Vacuole

31. Pro v Eu SmallerBigger More simpleComplex RibosomesRibosomes DNA in NucleiodDNA in Nucleus