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Anatomy & Physiology
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BIOLOGY – BOTANY – ZOOLOGY – MORPHOLOGY – PATHOLOGY – GENETICS –
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Anatomy - The study of the of the human body (parts) Physiology - The study of body ex. – mechanisms: (seek food), (seek H 2 O), (seek refuge), (seek warmth) etc. Maintain homeostasis through metabolism – anabolism: building from up and catabolism: breaking down ATP = molecule. An Overview of Anatomy
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Branches of Anatomy – seen w/naked eye anatomy (histology) - tissues
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Chemical level – Cellular level – Tissue level – a group of cells performing a Organ level – a discrete structure made up of Organ system – organs working together for a Organism – Structural Organization
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TISSUES 1. EPITHELIAL – 2. CONNECTIVE – 3. MUSCULAR – 4. NERVOUS – 1 2 3 4
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Systemic – Regional – Systemic v. Regional Anatomy
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Forms body covering Protects from injury Synthesizes Site of receptors (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat and oil glands bones, cartilage, The Integumentary System
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–Protects and body organs –Provides a framework for –Blood cells formed within –Stores –Bones, cartilage, The Skeletal System
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Allows manipulation of Locomotion Facial expression Maintains Produces skeletal or striated – allow ; smooth (involuntary) – in organs; – heart The Muscular System
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control system Responds to internal and external Coordinates Brain,, nerves The Nervous System
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Glands secrete that regulate Growth Nutrient use The Endocrine System
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The Cardiovascular System Blood vessels transport blood Carries and carbon dioxide Also carries and wastes Heart pumps blood through Circulatory System
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Picks up from blood vessels Disposes of in the lymphatic system Houses white blood cells ( ) Mounts attack against foreign substances in the body Vessels, spaces,, lymph The Lymphatic System
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Keeps blood supplied with Removes Gas exchange occurs through walls of in the lungs The Respiratory System
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Breaks down food into Indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as The Digestive System
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Eliminates wastes Regulates water,, and acid-base balance Kidneys,, urinary bladder, urethra The Urinary System
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Overall function is to Testes produce sperm and Ovaries produce eggs and Mammary glands produce Reproductive System
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Anatomical position – a common visual Person stands erect with feet and eyes Palms face with the thumbs pointed from the body Gross Anatomy – An Introduction
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Regional terms – names of specific body areas Axial region – the main axis of the body region – the limbs Directional terminology Refers to the body in Standardized terms of directions are terms
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Body Planes and Sections Coronal (frontal) plane – Lies and divides body into anterior and posterior parts Median (midsagittal) plane – Specific plane that lies vertically in the midline – equal right, left halves
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plane - runs horizontally and divides body into superior and parts Body Planes and Sections
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section through the trunk
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Orientation and Terms
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and Directional Terms
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Orientation and Directional Terms – outer layer of a structure; – covers an organ
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Body Cavities and Membranes DORSAL CAVITY Cavity subdivided into the cavity and the cavity. Cranial cavity houses the. Vertebral cavity runs through the vertebral column and encloses the
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Oral cavity cavity Orbital cavities Middle Synovial cavities Other Body Cavities
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Abdominal Quadrants Abdominal divide the abdomen into four quadrants Right and left upper quadrants Right lower and left lower quadrants
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants Abdominal regions divide the abdomen into regions
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