2.  Identify 11 Body Systems  Name basic parts of body systems  Name functions of body systems

3.  Cell – basic building block of life  Tissue – Same cell types performing a function  Organ – Different tissues together as a unit performing related functions  System – Group of organs that work together to perform similar functions  Organism – Individual life form

4.  1. Integumentary.  2. Skeletal.  3. Muscular.  4. Nervous.  5. Endocrine.  6. Cardiovascular.  7. Lymphatic (& Immune System).  8. Respiratory.  9. Digestive  10. Urinary.  11. Reproductive.

5.  Skin is the major organ  The largest organ of the body (approximately 22 square feet and 10-11 pounds in adults)  Functions  A mechanical, chemical, and biological barrier  Protects the internal environment from invasion  Protects against fluid and protein loss  Thermoregulation  Control of the internal temperature by increasing or decreasing heat loss from the body  Sensations  Receptors for touch, temperature, and pain  Waste elimination  Production of vitamin D  Accessory organs  Hair  Nails  Sweat glands  Oil glands  Breasts

6.  Each bone is an organ.  Over 200 bones  Approximately 22 pounds of weight in a 125 pound person  The joints and cartilage complete the system.  Functions  Supports the body  Protects the organs  The sites for muscle attachment  The levers for movement  Blood cell formation  Mineral storage

7.  Each muscle is an organ.  Over 700 muscles  Make up 50-63 pounds of the weight in a 125-pound adult’s weight  Attach to bones  Functions  Contract and relax to cause movement by pulling on the bones  Stabilize body position  Generate heat

8.  Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs; one of the most complex, yet smallest systems of the body  Capable of producing electrical messages for communication within the body  These messages can be transmitted within milliseconds.  Functions  Monitors internal and external environments with receptors  Interprets stimuli  Responds to stimuli by sending an electrical message to another nerve, muscle, or gland  Thus, regulates bodily activities  Special senses are taste, smell, sight, hearing and equilibrium Spinal Cord Brain Nerve s

9.  Composed of glands that secrete hormones locally, or into the blood supply  Examples  Pineal  Pituitary  Hypothalamus  Thyroid  Parathyroids  Thymus  Adrenals  Pancreas  Testes/Ovaries  Breasts  Hormone-producing tissue found in other organs  Hormones are chemical messengers that are released from glands, and that affect a change in some target organ.

10.  Composed of:  Heart - Pump  Blood  Blood vessels:  Arteries - Flow away from the heart  Veins - Flow toward the heart  Capillaries - connects arteries and veins,  Where transfer of nutrients and waste takes place  The heart is a 4-chambered pump.  The left side of the heart pumps blood through the arteries to the capillaries.  At the capillaries, the blood releases nutrients, oxygen, and other necessary molecules into the body tissues.  Also at the capillaries, the blood receives waste products, carbon dioxide, and other cellular products.  Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the veins.  The right side of the heart pumps the blood to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and receive oxygen  The blood returns to the left side of the heart to begin the process again  In the course of 1 minute, all the blood in the body circulates through the heart.

11.  Functions of the cardiovascular system  Supplies cells with nutrients and oxygen  Removes waste products from cells and delivers them for removal from the body  Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH)  Helps regulate water volume  Helps regulate temperature  Helps defend against disease  Mends damaged vessels

12.  Composed of  Spleen  Thymus  Lymph nodes  Tonsils  Lymph  Lymph vessels  Blood  Functions  Returns to the blood supply fluid and proteins that have moved out of the blood vessels  Transports lipids from the small intestine to the bloodstream  Houses lymphocytes that defend the body against invasion by microbes, foreign cells, toxins, and cancer cells

13.  Composed of  Nose  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Bronchi  Lungs  Diaphragm  Functions  Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs  Warms and moistens air in the nasal cavity  Transfers oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood, and receives carbon dioxide from the blood to be exhaled  Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH)  Air flowing from the lungs through the vocal cords of the larynx produces sound.  A healthy adult breathes in and out 12-15 times each minute, exchanging a total of 6 liters of gas per minute.

14.  The digestive tract is composed of any structure through which ingested material passes:  Mouth,  Pharynx,  Esophagus,  Stomach,  Small and large intestines,  Anus  Accessory organs are structures that assist in the digestive processes:  Teeth,  Tongue,  Salivary glands,  Gall bladder,  Liver,  Pancreas  Food that is eaten is not considered “in” the body until it is digested and absorbed by the digestive tract.

15.  Functions  Breakdown food to component parts  Transport nutrients to blood stream  Eliminate wastes  Regulate acid-base balance (pH)

16.  Composed of  2 kidneys  2 ureters  1 bladder  1 urethra  Functions  Filters blood  Eliminates wastes  Regulates fluid and chemical composition of the blood  Helps maintain the acid-base balance (pH)  Helps maintain mineral homeostasis  Produces urine  Helps regulate the production of red blood cells  Each day 180 liters of water are removed from the blood and 178- 179 liters are returned to the blood, producing 1-2 liters of urine

17.  Composed of:  Breasts  Ovaries  Fallopian tubes  Uterus  Vagina  Functions  Produces gametes (eggs),  Stores eggs,  Transports eggs,  Produces hormones,  Nourishes and supports a developing embryo and fetus  Delivers a baby

18.  Composed of  Testes  Epididymis  Ductus deferens  Prostate  Urethra  Penis  Functions  Produces gametes (sperm)  Stores sperm  Transports sperm  Delivers sperm  Produces hormones

19.  Overlap  One organ in multiple systems  Many systems with similar functions  All systems are inter-related – No system can perform its functions independent of the others  Needs other systems to complete its function  Its functions affect other systems  Video Review Video Review