1. Naming Ionic Compounds

2. Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons. MetalsNonmetals Metals ________________ electrons. This gives them a ____ charge. Positive ions are called ___________. Nonmetals _____________ electrons. This gives them a ____ charge. Negative ions are called ___________.

3. Remember that the charge of an ion can be determined by its place on the Periodic Table. +1 +2 +3 +4 or -4 -3 -2-1 0 Look for the Roman Numeral!

4. For each elements on your notes, predict the charge of its most common ion using the periodic table. P _____ Ne_____ Ca_____ Be_____ I_____ He_____ Na____ Mg_____ Br______ O______ Li_____ F_____ S_____ K______ N______ Cs______ Cl_____ Xe____

5. When metals lose electrons they become ions, but their name does not change. Rules for Naming Ions NaNa + + e - sodium electron MgMg +2 + 2e - magnesium 2 electrons

6. When nonmetals gain electrons they become ions, and their name does change. Rules for Naming Ions F-F- F + e - fluorine fluoride electron S -2 S + 2e - sulfursulfide2 electrons

7. Rules for Naming Ions 2. Changing the name of nonmetals: root of element name + -ide = name of ion Examples: The name of chlorine’s ion: The name of nitrogen’s ion: chlor- + -ide = _____________ nitr- + -ide = ______________ 1. The names of metals do not change.

8. Examples of naming ions: The name of calcium’s ion: The name of oxygen’s ion: calcium (The names of metals don’t change!) ox- + -ide = _______ The name of aluminum’s ion: _______________ (The names of metals don’t change!)

9. Write the name of each of the ions on your notes. Sulfur____________________________ Lithium__________________________ Nitrogen__________________________ Bromine_________________________ Potassium________________________ Chlorine________________________ Oxygen___________________________ Hydrogen_______________________

10. There are also ions that form after elements have shared electrons. These ions are known as polyatomic ions, and each polyatomic ion already has a name.

11. Write the name of each of the polyatomic ions on your notes using your reference sheet as a guide. SO 4 -2 _____________________________ CO 4 -2 ___________________________ MnO 4 -4 ____________________________ SO 3 -2 ____________________________ OH - _______________________________ NO 3 - _____________________________

12. Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds CaBr 2 Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion. Step 3: YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy. _____________

13. 1. NaF ________ 2. MgO __________________ 3. SrCl 2 ________ 4. Li 2 S ________________ 5. CaO _______________ 6. KI ________

14. 1. NH 4 F _________fluoride 2. CaSO 4 calcium________ 3. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 magnesium________ 4. NaOH sodium________ When polyatomic ions are used, simply use the name of the polyatomic ion in the compound.

15. Name the ionic compounds that are found on your notes. C a Cl 2 __________________________________________ K 2 S____________________________________________ KMnO 4 _________________________________________ BaO____________________________________________ NH 4 Cl__________________________________________ CsCl___________________________________________ MgSO 4 _________________________________________ NaBr___________________________________________ AIP____________________________________________

16. You can also determine the formula of an ionic compound from its name. To do this, you will need to use what you already know about the Periodic Table. magnesium iodide Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. MgI +2- _____

17. This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the name of the polyatomic ion. strontium nitrate Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. SrNO 3 +2- _______

18. Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to naming. Decide which name goes with each ion. N -3 NO 3 - nitrate nitride S -2 SO 3 -2 sulfite sulfide P -3 PO 4 -3 phosphate phosphide

19. Remember that the names of transition metals include their charge because their charges are less predictable. What are the charges of the transition metals below: Iron (II) _______Iron (III) _______ Copper (II) _______Copper (I) _______ Tin (IV) _______Tin (II) _______ Lead (II) _______Lead (IV) _______ We know they are ___________ because metals are always ___________.

20. The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound. iron (III) oxide Step 1: Write the symbol of the cation. Step 2: Write the symbol of the anion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the roman numerals. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. FeO +3-2 _______

21. Helpful Hint: If the ion ends in –ide, it is probably from the periodic table. If the ion ends in –ate or –ite, it is a polyatomic ion. Examples: SO 4 -2 sulfate S -2 sulfide NO 2 - nitrite N -3 nitride sulfite SO 3 -2 nitrate NO 3 -

22. Write the formula of each of the ionic compounds named on your notes. Potassium iodide__________________________________ Tin(IV)chloride____________________________________ Barium sulfate____________________________________ Sodium chloride___________________________________ Strontium sulfide__________________________________ Copper(II) carbonate_______________________________ Aluminum bromide_________________________________ Lithium nitride_____________________________________

23. Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

24. Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or ________ electrons. Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond Nonmetals can _______ electrons to form a covalent bond. This creates a ___________. Nonmetals shared electrons Metals

25. Determining if a compound is ionic or covalent is easy. Ionic compounds contain a _____ and a __________. Covalent compounds contain only ________. What elements do ionic compounds contain? What elements do covalent compounds contain?

26. Decide whether the compounds on your notes are ionic or covalent.

27. Important Facts: Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron, it behaves differently than any other element on the periodic table of elements. Hydrogen can donate its 1 electron. H+H+ Hydrogen can gain 1 electron. H-H- Hydrogen can share electrons. This means that hydrogen can act as either a ___________ or a _______________! H2H2

28. There are 7 elements that exist in nature as diatomic molecules. What elements exist as diatomic molecules? H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2

29. There are millions of covalent compounds. These can be classified into many different types of compounds. Each type of compound has a different set of rules for naming. You will be learning about the easiest type of covalent compound to name: What does binary mean? Binary means 2. Binary covalent compounds are between 2 different ____________. Binary Covalent Compounds

30. Nonmetals can share electrons in many different ways. This means that two nonmetals can create multiple compounds together. CO 2 CO Each of these contains a different ratio of elements. Because of this, we have to make sure that the name of the compound explains the correct ratio. carbon and oxygen PCl 5 PCl 3 phosphorous and chlorine N2O3N2O3 N2O4N2O4 nitrogen and oxygen

31. To show the correct ratio of elements, we use prefixes.

32. Steps for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds N2O4N2O4 Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal. Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide. Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present. nitrogenoxide dinitrogentetroxide

33. Rules for Using Prefixes Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT compounds. Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1. Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Example: CO 2 is carbon dioxide, and not monocarbon dioxide. Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and not carbon monooxide.

34. How would you write each of the prefixes in front of oxide? mono- ____________di- ____________ tri- ____________tetra- ____________ penta- ____________hexa- ____________ hepta- ____________octa- ____________ nona- ____________deca- ____________ Remember: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Leave -i alone.

35. Name the binary covalent compounds that are found on your notes. CO 2 ______________________________________ CS 2 _______________________________________ PBr 3 ______________________________________ PBr 5 ______________________________________ P 2 S 5 ______________________________________ N 2 S______________________________________ SiS 2 ______________________________________ NBr 3 ______________________________________ N 2 Cl 4 _____________________________________

36. Because of the prefixes, it is very easy to go from the name of a binary covalent compound to its formula. dinitrogen tetrafluoride Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix. Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix. _______

37. Write the formulas of the binary covalent compounds in your notes.

38. Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds Review

39. Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons. This is what creates compounds! Metals ________________ electrons. This gives them a ____ charge. Positive ions are called ___________. Nonmetals _____________ electrons. This gives them a ____ charge. Negative ions are called ___________.

40. Ionic compounds contain a ______ and a ________. What elements do ionic compounds contain? Metals Nonmetals

41. Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds MgCl 2 Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion. YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy. __________ ________ Remember that we change the name of nonmetal ions to –ide.

42. Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons. Sharing electrons creates a _________ bond Nonmetals can _______ electrons to form a covalent bond. This creates a ___________. Nonmetals shared electrons

43. Covalent compounds contain only ____________. What elements do covalent compounds contain? Nonmetals

44. Steps for Naming Covalent Compounds P2S4P2S4 Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal. Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide. Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present. ____________ __________

45. Rules for Using Prefixes with Covalent Compounds Rule 1: Prefixes are only for COVALENT compounds. Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1. Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Example: PCl 3 is phosphorous trichloride, and not monophosphorous trichloride. Example: N 2 O 4 is nitrogen tetroxide, and not nitrogen tetraoxide. (2 and 4 reduce to 1 and 2)

46. Determining if a compound is ionic or covalent is easy. Ionic compounds contain a ______ and a __________. What elements do ionic compounds contain? Covalent compounds contain only ________. What elements do covalent compounds contain?

47. Decide whether the compounds on your notes are ionic or covalent.

48. Once you decide if a compound is ionic or covalent you know whether or not to use prefixes. Only ___________ COMPOUNDS use PREFIXES! Do NOT make the mistake of using _______with ionic compounds. You will be forced to decide between answer choices with and without prefixes on your exam. Know the difference!

49. Steps for Naming a Compound Step 1: Decide if the compound is ______ or __________. Step 2: Write the name of the first element as it appears on the periodic table, change the name of the second element to end with -ide. Step 3: If, and only if, the compound is _______, add prefixes. ________ compounds are finished at this point.

50. 1. NH 4 Cl _________chloride 2. MgSO 3 magnesium________ 3. Ca(NO 2 ) 2 calcium________ 4. KOH potassium________ Remember, if polyatomic ions appear in an ionic compound, simply use the name of the ion as it appears in the table of polyatomic ions.

51. Write the names of the compounds that appear on your notes.

52. Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound from Its Name potassium sulfide Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. KS +-2 _____

53. This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the table of polyatomic ions found on the naming compounds reference sheet. barium sulfate Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. BaSO 4 +2-2 _______ The charges are the same, so they cancel!

54. Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to naming. Decide which name goes with each ion. N -3 NO 2 - nitrite nitride S -2 SO 4 -2 sulfate sulfide P -3 PO 4 -3 phosphate phosphide

55. Remember that the names of transition metals include their charge because their charges are less predictable. What are the charges of the transition metals below: Tin (IV) _______Tin (II) _______ Lead (II) _______Lead (IV) _______ Iron (II) _______Iron (III) _______ Copper (II) _______Copper (I) _______ We know they are positive because _________are always positive. d-block

56. The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound. copper (II) nitrate Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the symbol of the polyatomic ion. Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table, polyatomic ions table, or the roman numerals. Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions. CuNO 3 +2- _______

57. Because of the prefixes, it is very easy to go from the name of a binary covalent compound to its formula. dihydrogen monoxide Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix. Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix. _______

58. Remember: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1. Example: carbon dioxide _____

59. Write the formulas of the compounds that appear on your notes based on their names.