1. Chemical BONDING IONIC & COVALENT NAMING RULES/PRACTICE When elements react

2. Naming Binary Compounds (Ionic) Sequence of Elements (or groups of elements): (1) positive ion (cation)/metal (2) negative ion (anion)/nonmetal Suffixes With binary compounds (compounds of only 2 elements such as FeS, iron sulfide), name the first (more positive/metallic) element followed by the main part of the name of the second more negative element/nonmetal and add the suffix ‘-ide’ Read the positive ion or metal as its element name from the P.T. Polyatomic ions Read polyatomic ions as their name as a group (whole), not as individual elements (e.g., NH 4 is read as ammonium) Coefficients Do not read the subscripts (e.g., Na 2 SO 3 is sodium sulfite) Roman Numerals If Roman numerals are used to show which form of ion of a transition metal is present, the roman numeral is read… Fe (III) + O 2 --> Fe 2 O 3 is read as “iron three plus oxygen yields iron three oxide”

3. Naming Compounds: Binaries bromine chlorine nitrogen oxygen phosphorous silicon sulfur iodine fluorine bromide chloride nitride oxide phosphide silicide sulfide iodide fluoride

4. Try naming these compounds… BeCl 2 CuBr 2 SnO 2 Pb 3 P 2 beryllium chloride copper (II) bromide tin (IV) oxide lead (II) phosphide

5. Write the chemical formulas… Na 2 S CuO NiCl 3 FeN sodium sulfide copper (I) oxide nickel (III) chloride iron (III) nitride

6. Binary Compounds (molecular/covalent—from two non-metallic elements ) Name element farthest from fluorine first and element nearest from fluorine second with –ide ending unless it has a common name Methane (CH 4 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), water (H 2 O), hydrogen fluoride (HF) When a pair of non-metallic elements can form two or more compounds, Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in one molecule. carbon monoxide, CO, carbon dioxide, CO 2, and dinitrogen monoxide, N 2 O, (nitrous oxide or laughing gas) The prefix mono- is used only if there is one atom of the second element, not used for the first element in the name. Formulas of molecular compounds will not necessarily be the lowest whole number ratio of the elements. Hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2

7. Prefixes Used with Molecular Compounds (covalent bonds) mono-1 di- 2 tri- 3 tetra-4 penta-5 hexa-6 hepta-7 octa-8 nona-9 deca-10

8. Formula Writing What’s the chemical formula? carbon dioxide carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide tetraphosphorous decaoxide

9. Multivalent Ions… Some transition metals can form more than one ion For example: Copper can form 1+ and 2+ ions Copper I Chloride Copper II Chloride

10. Roman Numerals used with Compounds with Multivalent Ions Roman numerals are used to show which ion is present Metal Ion chargeRoman Numeral 1+ I 2+ II 3+ III 4+ IV 5+ V 6+ VI 7+ VII Fe 3+ or Ion III, is called Iron three; Ni 2+ or Nickel II, is called Nickel two

11. STEPS for formula writing with Multivalent Ions Step 1: Identify each ion and its charge Step 2: Determine the total charges needed to balance positive and negative. Draw a seesaw! Step 3: Note the ratio of positive ions to negative ions Step 4: Use subscripts to write the formula ‘1’ is not shown as a subscript

12. Example: Copper II Chloride Cu 2+ and Cl - +2 = -1 -1 Step 1: charge on ions Step 2: Total charge to balance Step 3: ratio of + & - ions 1 : 2 Step 4: subscripts & formula CuCl 2

13. One last example: Au 3 N What metal is in the formula?Au Can it have more than one ion form? Au + and Au 3+ What’s the ratio of ions in the formula3 Au ions : 1 N ion What’s the charge on the negative ion N 3- What does the charge on the metal have to be to balance the negative ion? If there are 3 Au ions then the charge on Au must be 1+ to balance out N 3- The Name is: Gold (I) Nitride