1. Do as we Learn it: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic chart:

2. Prokaryotic Genetic material (DNA) in nucleoid  Single-celled  Contains a cell membrane  Does not contain membrane-bound organelles

3. Eukaryotic  One or more cells  Contains a cell membrane and or cell wall  Contains membrane- bound organelles  DNA in nucleus

4. Cell Organelles

5. Cell Organelles “little organ” Found only in eukaryotic cells organelles are in the cytoplasm

6. Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell Made of a phospholipid bilayer

7.  Head  Polar, hydrophilic  Tail  Non-polar, hydrophobic Phospholipid Bilayer Sterols-between tail

8. Phospholipid Hydrophilic (head) Hydrophobic (tail)

9. Plasma Membrane  Thin, flexible  Allows nutrients into the cell  Allows waste to leave the cell

10. Selective Permeability  Controls movement of certain substances in and out

11. Transport proteins

12. Transmembrane/Transport

13. Fluid Mosaic Model  Other molecules “float” in membrane  Cholesterol  Carbohydrates

14. Carbohydrates Cellular Structure and Function  Identify chemical signals Plasma Membrane

15. Cholesterol Give membrane structure

16. Fluid Mosaic Model

17. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains hereditary information (DNA/RNA) Surrounded by a double membrane

18. Nucleolus Dense area Makes ribosomes Ribosomes –Organelles made of protein

19. Nuclear envelope Double phospholipid bilayer Has pores –Passage from nucleus to cytoplasm

20. Cytoskeleton Thin tubules & filaments Criss-cross cytosol Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell

22. 1. Microtubule Hollow Made of protein tubulin Maintain shape Cell motility Hold organelles in place

23. 2. Microfilament Thinner Made of actin Wrapped like a rope Cell motililty Cell division

24. 3. Cilia & Flagella Hair-like structures movement

25. Centrioles Two short cylinders of microtubles Near nucleus Only in animal cells Organize cytoskeleton Help cell divide

26. Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” Cellular respiration –release energy as ATP for the cell to use

27. Mitochondria Has an inner & outer phospholipid membrane Outer –Separates organelle from cytoplasm Inner –Folds called “cristae” –Makes ATP

28. Mitochondria Has its own DNA Reproduction

29. Serial Endosymbiosis Eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotes that engulfed each other video

30. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Connected to nuclear membrane Membrane of folded sacs “Intracellular highway” Moves molecules Two types

31. Rough ER ribosomes; makes proteins Smooth ER no ribosomes; makes lipids

32. Ribosome Site of protein synthesis Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol Produced in nucleolus

33. Golgi Apparatus Flattened sacs Stores, modifies and packages proteins “UPS center” Molecules transported to and from Golgi via vesicles Add carbs, modify

34. Lysosomes Garbage disposal digestive enzymes

35. Some only in plants… 1. Chloroplasts 2. Cell Wall 3. Large Vacuole

36. Chloroplast only in plant cells Contains chlorophyll Site of food (glucose) production Bound by a double membrane

37. Cell Wall Found in plant & bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside of the cell membrane Made of cellulose (fiber, lipid)

38. Vacuoles Large central vacuole –Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. Turgor pressure

39. Centriole Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Made of microtubules Where else have we talked about microtubules?

40. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum