2. The Roaring Twenties

3. Unit Question  How does pop culture reflect and affect the temper of the times?  Pop culture  Collection of ideas that permeate everyday life  Reflect vs affect  Effect vs cause  Temper of the times  Overall feeling and attitudes

4. Foundation of the 1920s  Called the Roaring Twenties  Post-WWI anxiety  Fear of the future

5. Flapper girls

6. Demographic Changes  Increased urbanization  Growth of the suburbs  Rich moving out of dirty cities  Cars more affordable to everyone

7. Demographic Changes  Congress limited immigration from E. Europe and Asia  Increased immigration from Canada and Mexico  Development of barrios Mexican immigrant workers

8. Technological Advances  Electricity  1916 – 13%  1927 – 63%  Household appliances  Vacuum cleaners  Washing machines  Cars  Henry Ford Model T  Better roads

9. Women in the 1920s  Women remain at work after WWI  Demanding rights  19 th amendment  Gave women the right to vote  Women politicians  Jeanette Rankin  Miriam Ferguson Women voting in NYC

10. Women in the 1920s  Housewives  Return to normalcy  Working women  Not allowed into “professions”  Secretaries, nurses, teachers, etc  Flappers  Young, rebellious  Symbol of women’s freedom secretary

12. Gibson Girl – 1900 Flapper – 1920

13. Black Americans  Fought in WWI but return home to discrimination  Very few non-farm jobs available in South  Great Migration 1917-1920 continues  Red Summer  Lynchings, violence  Revival of the KKK

14. Black Americans  NAACP fighting for federal anti- discrimination laws  Never passed  Law enforcement slowly improving  KKK not crushed until 1927

15. Black Americans  The Garvey Movement  Urged return to “motherland Africa”  Message of racial pride and independence  First black pride movement in the US Marcus Garvey

16. Harlem Renaissance  Celebration of Black American culture centered in NYC  Artists, poets, authors, dancers, musicians James Weldon Johnson

17. Claude McKay Langston Hughes

18. Communication Advances  Mass media  Print & broadcast methods of getting the same information to large numbers of people  Created national culture  Radio  1 st station 1920  1922 – 500 stations Frank Conrad

19. Communication Advances  Newspapers  Thicker  Smaller papers going out of business  Spreading national, not just local news  Magazines  Less news, more entertainment  Growth of advertising

22. Entertainment – Sports  Mass media created national heroes  More free time, more money led to development of professional sports teams Jim Thorpe

23. Babe Ruth

24. Charles Lindbergh Jack Dempsey

25. Entertainment – Music  Jazz Age  Developed from ragtime and blues  Symbolized free manners and morals of 1920s  Also sadness of Black Americans  One of few areas open to black entertainers Ella Fitzgerald

26. Benny Goodman Jelly Roll Morton

27. Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington

28. Entertainment – authors  Books and poetry about being disconnected and alone  Lost Generation  Group of artists and authors who rejected US society and moved to Europe F. Scott & Zelda Fitzgerald

29. E. E. Cummings Ernest Hemingway

30. Zora Neale Hurston Gertrude Stein

31. Entertainment – movies  Cheap entertainment available for all  Silent until late 1920s  Helped to create a national culture rather than a local one

32. Greta Garbo Lillian Gish

33. Laurel and Hardy Charlie Chaplin