1. Learning: Classical Conditioning

2. Learning  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to _________

3. Behaviorism  John B. Watson  viewed psychology as ___________________  generally agreed-upon consensus today  recommended study of behavior without reference to ___________________  not universally accepted by all schools of thought today

4. Association  We learn by ___________  Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence  Aristotle 2000 years ago  John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago  Associative Learning  ______________________________  two stimuli  a response and its ______________

5. Association  Learning to associate two events Event 1Event 2 Sea snail associates splash with a tail shock Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics

6. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning  We learn to associate two ________

7. Operant Conditioning  We learn to associate a __________ and its ___________

8. Classical Conditioning  ____________  1849-1936  Russian physician/ neurophysiologist  Nobel Prize in 1904  studied digestive secretions

9. Classical Conditioning  Classical Conditioning  organism comes to associate two stimuli  a _______ stimulus that signals an __________ stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

10. Pavlov’s Classic Experiment Before Conditioning During ConditioningAfter Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) No salivation UCR (salivation) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCS (food in mouth) UCR (salivation) CS (tone) CR (salivation) Example 1

11. Classical Conditioning  Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)  stimulus that unconditionally--_________ and __________--triggers a response  Unconditioned Response (UCR)  __________, _________ occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus  salivation when food is in the mouth

12. Classical Conditioning  Conditioned Stimulus (CS)  originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to ________________________  Conditioned Response (CR)  ___________________ to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

13. Classical Conditioning  ___________  the initial stage in classical conditioning  the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response  in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response Example 2

14. Classical Conditioning UCS (drink ipecac aka throw up medicine ) UCR (Vomit) CS ( hearing song FIREWORK) CS (hearing song FIREWORK) CR (vomit) UCS (drink ipecac aka throw up medicine) UCR (vomit) Click Me!

15. Classical Conditioning  __________  diminishing of a CR  in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not follow a CS  in operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforced

16. Classical Conditioning Strength of CR Pause Acquisition (CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous recovery of CR

17. Classical Conditioning  Spontaneous Recovery  ____________, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR  Generalization  tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit _______ responses

18. Classical Conditioning  _____________  in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

19. Generalization

20. Heartrate Conditioning in Cancer Patients UCS (drug) UCR (increased heart rate) CS (waiting room) CS (waiting room) CR (increased heart rate) UCS (drug) UCR (increased heart rate)