1. Copy this list. Circle the terms that apply to the U.S. and then define the circled terms. (there will be 3) Direct democracy Indirect democracy Dictatorship Unitary government Federal government Confederation Presidential government Parliamentary government

2. “To be free, one must be chained.” - -J.J. Rousseau What does this quote mean to you? T 8

3. I. How are governments classified? A.Who can participate? B.Geographic distribution of power C.Relationship between legislative & executive branches

4. II. Who can participate? A.Democracy 1. Direct democracy: people vote on all issues 2. Indirect democracy: people vote on reps. to vote on issues for them B.Dictatorship 1. Autocracy: one person holds all power 2. Oligarchy: small group holds all power

5. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 5 Chapter 1, Section 2 Unitary Government In a unitary model, all power belongs to the central government, which may grant some powers to local governments. The powers of the central government may be limited or unlimited. Most governments in the world are unitary in form.

6. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 6 Chapter 1, Section 2 Federal Government In the federal model, power is divided between a central government and several local governments, usually according to a constitution. The U.S. and some 25 other states have federal forms of government.

7. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 7 Chapter 1, Section 2 Confederate Government A confederation is an alliance of independent governments that grant limited powers, usually involving defense or foreign affairs, to a central government. The European Union is similar to a confederation.

8. III. Geographic Distribution of Power A.Unitary government: central gov’t holds all power B.Federal government: power is shared by central and local governments C.Confederation: alliance of independent states

9. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 9 Chapter 1, Section 2 Presidential Government A presidential government divides executive and legislative power between two branches. The details of this separation of powers are spelled out in a constitution.

10. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 10 Chapter 1, Section 2 Parliamentary Government In a parliamentary government, the legislature chooses the executive, which is part of the legislature and under its control. A majority of world governments use the parliamentary system, which lacks some checks and balances but promotes cooperation between the executive and legislative branches.

12. IV: Relationship between branches A.Presidential government: head of executive branch is elected independently of the legislative branch B.Parliamentary government: head of executive branch is selected from the legislative branch

13. Thinking Like a Political Philosopher P. 16-17—We The People Complete Hobbes/Locke worksheet Can also use American Government book pp. 8- 9