1. Nervous System H. Biology

2. Section 29.1 Students will be able to Explain that the nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.

3. Bellringer 1)Name a few ways that you communicate. 2)Hypothesize what you think accounts for the different colors in the MRI scan? Students will be able to Explain that the nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.

4. 1)Name a few ways that you communicate. Speech Body language Touch Written language 2)What do you think accounts for the different colors in the MRI scan? Brain scans are used to study the structure of the brain and to identify brain abnormalities. Scans can also be used to study brain activity associated with thinking, which occurs in the front part of the brain.

5. Red Blue White Green Yellow Orange Brown Black Memorize this list of colors:

6. Magenta Opal Aquamarine Violet Cyan Taupe Ebony Teal Memorize this list of colors:

7. Which list were you able to recall better? Why do you think?

8. Which list were you able to recall better? –Probably the 1st Why do you think? –Probably because the words on the first list were more familiar.

9. Take a minute to think about these questions: How do you know you are hungry? How do you know you are hot? Do you tell yourself to sweat? Do you tell yourself to grow? Do you actively need to tell yourself to digest your food? Do you decide what temperature your body is?

10. Your brain lets you think and move. It controls digestion, heart rate, and body temperature. Your brain does these things with help from the endocrine system and the rest of the nervous system.

11. How organ systems communicate The nervous system and endocrine system are the communication networks that allow you to respond to changes in your environment countless times each day-maintaining homeostasis. Nervous system: controls thoughts, movement, emotion, and simpler life processes, such as swallowing. ▫For example: when you walk outside on a sunny day, your nervous system senses the bright light coming to your eyes and sends a message that tells your pupils to shrink and let in less light. Endocrine system: controls growth, development, digestion and responses to environment, such as body temperature. ▫For example: when you are outside on a hot day, endocrine system responds by producing messages that tell your body to sweat more to cool down.

12. Different Rates of Communication The nervous system and endocrine systems have different methods and rates of communication. ▫Your endocrine system works slowly, such as hair growth, aging, and sleep patterns.  Only chemical signals  Signals move through bloodstream  Physically unconnected organs  For example: as the day warms up, your endocrine responds by releasing chemicals that stimulate sweat glands. SLOW RESPONSE.

13. Works like a satellite system Sends signals in all directions, but you need special receivers to get the signals Your endocrine system’s chemical signals are carried by the bloodstream only cells with certain receptors can receive the signals

14. Different rates of communication… Nervous system works quickly and controls immediate processes, such as heart rate and breathing. If you touch your hand to a hot stove, an immediate response from the nervous system causes you to jerk your hand away. Signals move from your skin on your hand to the muscles in your arm by passing through the two parts of the nervous system: the central and peripheral. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a network of nerves that transmits messages to the CNS.

15. Like cable television A physical wire connects your TV. to the cable provider Your nervous system sends its signals through a network of specialized tissues

16. The body’s communication systems help maintain homeostasis. A stimulus causes a response. ▫Responses can be chemical, cellular, or behavioral. ▫The nervous and endocrine systems respond to stimuli. Both systems let you respond to a stimulus in your environment and maintain homeostasis. What stimuli cause you to sweat and cause your pupils to shrink? What stimuli causes your body hair to stick up and your body to shiver?

17. Exit Slip (Assignment): 1)Draw a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the nervous system and the endocrine system. 2)Think of 3 real life examples of how the nervous system and endocrine system work in your daily life. (Think of the examples given in lecture). 3)Make your own analogy comparing the nervous system and endocrine to another system/object/etc and explain. Example: nervous system=cable television; endocrine system=satellite system.

18. Bellringer 1)What is the difference between endocrine and nervous system? 2)What does the central nervous system include? 3)What does the peripheral nervous system include? 4)How do you respond to to your fear? 5)What body system makes immediate reactions possible? Students will be able to 1) Describe neurons as highly specialized cells. 2) Explain how neurons transmit and receive signals.

19. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells. Section 29.2

20. Cell body Dendrites axon Neurons (aka nerve cells)are cells that can store information and send and receive messages within the nervous system. Make up an information network (Like the internet) neurotransmitter

21. Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 1 Cell body

22. 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2 dendrites

23. 3 axon 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 3. axon carries messages away from cell body and passes to other cells Specialized support cells- such as the myelin sheath- insulate neurons’ axons and helps them send messages

24. NEURON Synapse Synapse: Gaps between neurons

25. Neurotransmitters NEURON Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron.

26. Dendrites receive action potential NEURON Action Potential: Electrical impulse that carries messages

27. NEURON

35. Dendrites of next neuron NEURON

36. Dendrites of next neuron NEURON Synapse (gap) Axon terminal Axon terminal: releases neurotransmitters (chemical signals)

37. Cell body Dendrites Draw and label this neuron: axon Myelin sheath Axon terminal NEURON Action potential Neurotransmitters Synapse

38. Real life Neuron

39. Nerve Impulse Direction The nerve impulse always travels FROM the dendrites TO the ends of the axon.

40. Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses ▫When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron ▫Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) ▫You react

41. –Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. impulse terminal

42. –Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. impulse

43. –Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. synapse receptor vesicles impulse neurotransmi tter –Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse.

44. –Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. –Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. impulse synapse receptor vesicles neurotransmitter –Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell.

45. Basic Vertebrate Nervous System Controls mental/physical activity and homeostasis There are 3 types of neurons: 1) Sensory neurons 2) Interneurons 3) motor neurons

46. 46 1. Sensory Neurons: The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors Gather information by detecting changes inside and outside of the body and sends it to the CNS Function: They gather information and carry impulses into the brain and spinal cord Outside: Light & Sound Intensities Inside: Temperature Oxygen Levels pH Levels

47. 47 2) Interneurons: Receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord Process and interpret messages

48. 48 3) Motor neurons: Pass messages from the central nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles Function: Carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors Effectors: structures that respond ex: muscles and glands

49. 49 Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons Receptors Effectors

50. Reflex Arc Rapid involuntary stimulus Bypasses the brain Involves ▫Sensory neuron ▫Motor neuron ▫Maybe an integrator neuron in the spinal cord, but not brain

51. 51 The nervous system can: Detect changes in the body Make decisions based on the info received Stimulate muscles and/or glands to respond Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis In a nutshell….

52. Give a real life example (Tell a story) Draw a picture for each 52 Exit Slip: Make a “Types of Neurons Picture Tree Map” Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons 1. The phone rings. The sensory neurons in your ear gather the sound information and send it to the CNS 2. Your brain interprets this information and identifies the sound as the phone ringing. This info is sent to the motor neurons 3. The motor neurons send nerve impulses to your muscles which allow you to answer the phone Function Location Function Location Function Location