1. Guidance for the Inventory of commercial Pentabromodiphenyl ether (c-PentaBDE), commercial Octabromodiphenyl ether (c-OctaBDE), and Hexabromobiphenyls (HBB) Update of the national implementation plan for the Stockholm Convention 24-Jan-12

2. 2 Scope of guidance To provide Parties with directions on how to obtain information on the production (applied from industrialized countries) and use of POP-BDEs To identify sectors that still use articles containing POP-BDEs and estimate the amount in the waste management stream

3. 3 Specific objectives Obtain, review, and summarize information on the sources, distribution, use, import, and export of POP-BDEs, and on processes using POP-BDEs Gather information on material flows containing (or thought to contain) POP-BDEs, their current use, recycling, storage, wastes, and disposal Assist with identifying gaps between the current and future legal and institutional framework for the control of the production, use, import, export, and disposal of POP-BDEs and materials containing POP-BDEs, and to identify potential POP-BDE-contaminated sites

4. 4 Specific objectives Provide guidance to estimate missing information required to complete the inventory Provide essential information for the scope setting and prioritization for the POPs management and development of the action plans

5. 5 Main target audience Focal point responsible for coordinating the process of updating the NIP Staff responsible for planning the inventory Technical staff responsible for conducting the inventory of POP-BDEs

6. 6 Content (Structure of this Guidance) Inventory Guidance for POP-BDEs (Section) 1) Inventory Steps for POP-BDEs (Section 3) Former POP-BDE production and uses (Section 2) Electronics (Section 4) Transportation & end-of-life vehicles (Section 5) Other uses (Section 6) In use RecycleWaste Furniture TextilesConstruction materials Contaminated sites (Section 7) Inventory report Inventory of POP-BDEs (Sections 4-7)

7. 7 Sources of POP-BDEs Contamination TRANSPORT FURNITURE, MATTRESSES CONSTRUCTION; OIL DRILLING RECYCLING ELECTRONICS CRT Monitor

8. 8 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON c-PentaBDE, c-OctaBDE, and HBB

9. 9 Thermal (e.g. incineration, metal industry, recycling accidential fires) Products (e.g. Electronics, furniture, cars, plain, train, textiles, mattresses etc.) Emission Sources Environmental Transport Exposure Routes BFR Use (e.g. plastic E&E, PUF, textiles, ) BFR Production (e.g. PentaBDE, OctaBDE, DecaBDE, HBB, HBCD, HBBz 70 other BFRs) Atmosphere Land Aquatic Plants Animals/ Cattle Fish & Shellfish Inhalation Food ingestion Occupational Intergenerational Accidental  Reservoirs ( landfills, contaminated sites, stockpiles sludges, soils, sediments) Indoor (dust, air) SSl Recycled Products Life cycle of POP-BDEs and HBB

10. 10 Life cycle of c-PentaBDE and potential for emissions (adapted from Alcock et al.2003)

11. 11 Life cycle of c-OctaBDE and potential for emissions (adapted from Alcock et al.2003)

12. 12 How to conduct a POP-BDE Inventory Tiered approach 3.1.1: Establish a National Inventory team 3.1.2: Define inventory objectives and scope 3.1.3: Develop the work plan for the national inventory Step 3: Methodology for data collection Step 1: Planning of the inventory Step 2: Identification of stakeholders Step 5: Data management, evaluation and report Step 4: Data collection and compilation Electronics in use and electronic waste in recycling and storage Transport sector and end of life vehicles Other uses (furniture, mattresses, textiles, materials Contaminated sites

13. 13 CONDUCTING AN INVENTORY FOR POP-BDE ELECTRONICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE) AND RELATED WASTE (WEEE) TRANSPORT SECTOR OTHER USES

14. 14 Electronical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related waste (WEEE) Activities for addressing the management of WEEE are currently developed under the Basel Convention These activities should be linked and utilized within the synergy approach of the Basel and Stockholm Conventions to develop the inventory for POP-BDE If an inventory of EEE and WEEE has been performed, these data should be used for the inventory of POP-BDE Vice versa: if an inventory of (W)EEE has not been developed then the establishment of a POP-BDE inventory should be a first step of developing it

15. 15 EEE and WEEE (Continued) The inventory of POP-BDE in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) should address: – Imported (second-hand) EEE – EEE stocks (in use and/or stored at consumer level) – EEE entering the waste stream, i.e. waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) – Recycling of WEEE polymers (own/Imported polymer) The major amount of c-OctaBDE is in casings of computer TV monitors of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) type produced before 2005 – the key target W(EEE) fractions

16. 16 EEE and WEEE Preliminary inventory – Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) c-OctaBDE in CRT devices can be calculated: M PBDE(i) = No CRTs/capita (Region) x population x M PBDE /CRT CRTs/capita (Region) is compiled in the guidance CRT monitors (TVs and PC monitors) are expected to contain more than 50% of the total POP-BDE present in EEE, these data give an estimate of the major portion of POP-BDEs in the EEE/WEEE sector in the country

17. 17 EEE and WEEE (Continued) Development of an in-depth inventory c-OctaBDE in CRT devices can be calculated as follows: M PBDE(i) = M EEE(j) * %(Polymer) * Conc PBDE(i)/Polymer Information is needed about the amount of (W)EEE in the country, the share of the relevant polymers in different (W)EEE categories and the content of POP-BDEs in those polymers Adopt of a three step approach: 1. Inventory of stocks and flows of EEE/WEEE in the country 2. The estimation of the polymer fraction in relevant EEE and WEEE containing POP-BDEs 3. Estimation of POP-BDEs content in the polymer fraction

18. 18 EEE and WEEE (Continued) - Import/use WEEE-polymers in recycling Further treatment and possibly recycling of polymers from WEEE are an important consideration for the implementation of the Convention The polymers from domestic WEEE recycling and of imported WEEE polymers need to be included The inventory can be done by estimating the amount of total polymers from WEEE used in recycling and the respective concentration of POP-BDEs in these polymers (See BAT/BEP guide for labelling & management and treatment)

19. 19 Transport Sector Large material flows of goods and waste: – Cars, busses, trucks, trains, planes, ships End-of-life management: – Highly relevant material flow: recovery of materials and of managing pollutants POP-BDEs in transport: – PentaBDE: major use in flexible PUR foams (automotive seating; head rests; car ceilings; acoustic systems; back- coating of textiles) – OctaBDE: Some extent in plastics parts (steering wheels; dashboards; door panels) Transport

20. 20 Transport Sector (continued) Industrial countries: – Lifespan of approx. 10 to 12 years: most vehicles containing POP-BDEs have partly been treated by the existing waste management or have been exported to developing countries where cars are used for extended period of time Developing countries: – Likely a large stockpiles for POP-BDE containing vehicles are still in used Note: The inventory and management of POP-BDE containing materials in the transport sector should be integrated within the overall inventory and management of end-of-life vehicles (see POP-BDEs BAT/BEP guidance)

21. 21 Formula to be used to calculate the POP-BDEs content of vehicles for the different categories (cars/trucks or busses) in different live cycle stages: Amount of POP-BDEs Vehicle (category) = No. vehicles (category) x POP-BDEs (category) x regional Factor  Considering PBDE used 1975 to 2004; and the regional use Transport Sector (continued)

22. 22 For data compilation of POP-BDEs in the transport sector it is useful to inventory the vehicles in the relevant life cycle stages Transport Sector (continued)

23. 23 Data compilation of recycling of polymers from End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) Most of the polymer fraction from ELVs are disposed in landfills/dumps or incinerated and are not recycled Recycling of PUR foam and plastic from ELVs might be performed by specialized companies or by the informal sector. Such operations should be assessed & inventoried Extent of recycling/separation should be quantified (inventory), and technologies and approaches used should be reviewed by referring to the POP-BDEs BAT/BEP guideline

24. 24 Other Uses  Other uses of POP-BDEs (furniture, mattresses, textiles, construction materials, rubber, and drilling operation) are thought to be of minor relevance for most countries due to: Relative low overall use volumes in most of these other application (except furniture for which a large share of PUR containing c-PentaBDEs was used) Lack of flammability standards in most countries for these use areas (only a few countries had flammability standards e.g. for furniture in US and UK) Limited export of such flame retarded second hand articles from countries with flammability standards and related stocks (e.g. export of furniture from US or UK)

25. 25 If countries consider establishing an inventory for some of these uses, it is advised to seek data on the percentage of impacted materials in the region or apply bromine screening Other Uses (Continued) Furniture/mattresses: Countries with certain flammability standards or imports from these countries Textile: Limited volume of c-PentaBDE has been used in textiles. Considering that Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is used in textiles, the sector becomes POPs relevant Construction (rigid PUR foam): Minor use of c-PentaBDE. For the inventory, construction companies could be interviewed on former use of POP-BDEs in rigid PUR foam. Considering that the main use of HBCDD is in insulation materials (XPS and EPS), the sector will become more POPs relevant

26. 26 Contaminated sites PBDEs Routes of POP-BDEs contamination Surface water Wastewater Treatment Plant Agriculture Domestic Sources Transportation Landfill & non-recycled waste Industrial Pollution Soil Groundwater Biosolids

27. 27 Contaminated site reporting in the inventory document  Types and quantities of POP-BDE-containing materials disposed  The names and addresses of those entities responsible for disposal of POP-BDE-containing materials  Details of the treatment of waste before disposal  Records of site contamination  Details of the clean-up process (if any) once a site has been registered as being contaminated  Information on the monitoring of contaminated sites  Records of on-going monitoring and research

28. 28 Thank you! For more information, please contact: Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention 11-13, Chemin des Anémones - 1219 Châtelaine, Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 917 8729 - Fax: +41 (0)22 917 8098 E-mail: ssc@pops.int, Website: www.pops.intssc@pops.intwww.pops.int