1. The French Revolution Begins Chapter 3 Section 1 10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty. 1. 1.Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison). 2. List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791). 4. Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

2. Objectives By the end of this lesson you should be able to: 1) Describe the Three Estates 2) Explain the underlying and immediate causes of the French Revolution

3. Background to the Revolution 1789 witnessed the beginning of the U.S. and the beginning of the French Revolution French Revolution was more complex, violent, and radical than the American It tried to not only create a new political order but a new social order Many different forms of government were tried The most powerful idea was that the people were the nation

4. The Three Estates Estate is a status group in France The First Estate was the Clergy, the Second were the Nobles, and the Third were everyone else The clergy numbered about 130,000 out of a population of 27 Million -they also owned 10% of all French land The Second Estate (Nobles) numbered about 350,000 and owned 25 to 30% of the land -They held leading government positions -neither the nobles or the clergy had to pay the Taille or chief tax

5. The Third Estate was divided by vast differences in occupation, wealth, and education Peasants made up about 75 to 80% of the 3 rd estate All peasants owed and paid taxes to the nobles and kings Merchants were also included in the 3 rd Estate These were middle class citizens called the bourgeosie They didn’t want to do away with the nobles, but wanted to become them Society was dissatisfied with the social system which led them to oppose Louis XVI

6. Financial Crisis The French economy was in debt Bad harvests had taken place in 1787 and 1788 leading to food shortages Food prices were outrageous Despite these problems, the King and his ministers spent enormous amounts of money on war and luxuries When the French decided to help America in the Revolutionary War, it almost went bankrupt Louis XVI had to call a meeting of the Estates General or all three estates

7. From Estates General to National Assembly In the Estates General, the 1 st and 2 nd Estates had about 300 representatives The 3 rd Estate had about 600, many of which were lawyers To solve the crisis, the 3 rd Estate wanted to set up a constitutional government that would make the 1 st and 2 nd Estates pay taxes The 3 rd Estate declared themselves the National Assembly The King locked them out and they went to a nearby tennis court and swore they would continue to meet Called the Tennis Court Oath

8. The people in Paris revolted and stormed the Bastille, a Prison in Paris and tore it to the ground Soon, the king’s power began to collapse all over France Peasants began to worry that they would be stopped by foreign countries Rumors were spread that foreign troops were on their way Peasants began breaking into noble’s houses and destroying all tax paying records

9. The Destruction of the Old Regime The National Assembly decided to abolish all privileges of the nobles and clergy On August 26, 1789 the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen -proclaimed that all men were free and equal before the law -appointment to office should be based on talent -no group should be exempt from taxes -all citizens had the right to make laws -freedom of speech and press were affirmed Olympe de Gouges insisted that these rights should extend to women, though she was ignored

10. The King Concedes Louis XVI refused to accept the decrees of the National Assembly On Oct. 5, his mind was changed when thousands of Parisian women marched to Versailles with weapons Some of them met with Louis and told them about their starving children The crowd insisted Louis and his family return to Paris to show support for the National Assembly There they became virtual prisoners

11. Church Reforms Revolutionaries needed money and felt that the Catholic Church needed reform They seized and sold all Catholic Lands in order to make money for France The church was also brought under control of the state A law was passed called the Civil Constitution of the Clergy -it said that bishops and church officials would be elected by the people, not by the pope This legislation made many people angry and caused them to oppose the National Assembly

12. A New Constitution and New Fears The new constitution of 1781 set up a limited monarchy -There would still be a king, but a legislative assembly would make laws -Only men or 25 that paid a certain amount of taxes could vote -Only wealthy people could serve in the assembly In June 1791, Louis XVI tries to flee France dressed as a woman, but is captured and arrested This leads to his downfall

13. War With Austria Many European leaders feared that revolution would spread to their countries Austria and Prussia threatened to use force to restore Louis XVI to the throne The Legislative Assembly acted by declaring war on Austria This created a panic throughout France and many people thought the king was betraying them

14. Rise of the Paris Commune In August, Paris radicals overthrew the National Assembly and declared themselves a commune They organized a mob attack on the royal palace and legislative assembly Members of the commune took the king captive and called for a national convention They wanted all men given the right to vote Members of the commune called themselves sans- cullotes