1. Motion and forces study guide

2. #1 Compare and contrast scalar and vector values.  scalar indicate how much, vector indicates how much and direction How are vectors drawn.  They are drawn as arrows

3. #2 How are vectors added and subtracted?  Addition draw vectors tip to tail  Subtraction draw vectors tip to tip

4. #3 What is dimensional analysis?  Using a conversion factor to convert units of a value Outline steps for converting units using dimentional analysis. 1. Determine what units you need your value into 2. Set up a conversion factor 3. multiply

5. #4 Describe the ladder method for converting metric units. Metric units that have common base units can be converted by moving a decimal point to the left or right

6. #5 What is motion? When the position of an object changes

7. #6 What is speed?  How far an object travels in a unit of time What is the formula used to calculate speed?  S=d/t Contrast instantaneous speed with average speed.  Instantaneous speed is the speed that an object is traveling at a certain point in time  Average speed is describes how far an object traveled per unit time of an entire trip

8. #7 What is velocity?  Distance traveled per unit of time in a given direction How does it differ from speed?  It tells you the direction of the motion

9. #8 What does the slope of a distance vs. time graph represent?  velocity What does the slope of a velocity vs. time graph represent?  acceleration

10. #9 What is acceleration?  Measures the rate at which the velocity of an object is changing What is the formula used to calculate acceleration?  a=(v 2 -v 1 )/t

11. #10 What is force?  Any push or pull What is the metric unit for force?  The newton (N) What formula is used to calculate force?  F=ma F m a

12. #11 Contrast balanced and unbalanced forces Balanced force=all forces cancel each other out (no acceleration) Unbalanced force=some forces overpower others (object will accelerate)

13. #12 What is friction? Force that opposes the motion of an object due to two surfaces coming in contact with one another

14. #13 Describe the 4 different types of friction. Static friction-object is standing still Rolling friction-object is rolling Fluid friction-friction between object and fluid it is traveling through Sliding friction-object is beind pulled or pushed over another surface

15. #14 What is gravity? Force of attraction between all objects in the universe

16. #15 What causes gravitational force to increase? Increase mass of an object or decrease distance between two objects

17. #16 Describe air resistance and terminal velocity. Air resistance=fluid friction involving the atmosphere of a planet Terminal velocity=top speed of a falling object due to air resistance

18. #17 What is projectile motion? Describe the path of a projectile Projectile motion is whenever an object is moving an the only forces acting on it are gravity and air resistance, the motion of a projectile always follows a parabolic path

19. #18 What is a satellite? Describe centripetal force. A satellite is any object following a circular path around another object Centripetal force=center seeking force acting on an object following a circular path

20. #19 What is newtons first law of motion? An object in motion will continue its motion unless acted on by an outside force (law of inertia)

21. #20 What is newtons second law of motion? An object will accelerate in the direction of the net force applied to it (F=ma) F m a

22. #21 What is Newton’s third law of motion? Whenever an object exerts a force on another object the second object exerts a force of equal size in the opposite direction (action-reaction)

23. #22 What is momentum? What formula is used to calculate momentum? Measure of how hard it is to stop an objects motion (product of velocity and mass) p=mv p m v

24. #23 Describe the two different types of collisions. Elastic=objects bounce off of one another Inelastic=objects stick together

25. #24 What is energy? Describe the 2 types. The ability to bring about a change Potential=stored energy Kinetic=energy of motion

26. #25 Describe the 3 types of potential energy that we discussed in class. Elastic=due to an object stretching or compressing Gravitational=due to an objects position above earth Chemical=stored in chemical bonds

27. #1 Mr. Chimenti threw a football 100m. It was in the air for 10s. What was its average speed? 1. d=100m, t=10s, s=? 2. S=d/t 3. S=100m/10s 4. S=10m/s

28. #2 Your mom threw a pie pan across the room at you. If she threw it at 10m/s and the room is 15m across how long did you wait to be struck in the face? 1. s=10m/s, d=15m, t=? 2. T=d/s 3. T=15m/10m/s

29. #3 Mr chimenti is able to run at a rate of 10yds/s. How long does it take it take him to run 40yd? 1. S=10yds/s, d=40yd., t=? 2. T=d/s 3. t=40yds/10yds/s 4. T=4s

30. #4 A soccer ball was kicked by Mr. Learish. It’s velocity reached 10m/s after being in contact with the teachers foot for 1.5s. What was it’s acceleration? 1. V1=0m/s, v2=10m/s, t=1.5s, a=? 2. a=(v2-v1)/t 3. A=(10m/s-0m/s)/1.5s 4. A=6.7s

31. #5