1. ELECTRONS IN ATOMS CHAPTER FIVE

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT ARE THREE KINDS OF ORBITALS, THEIR SHAPES AND HOW MANY ELECTRONS CAN THEY HOLD? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: Chapter Five Pre-Test

3. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ORBITALS WHERE ELECTRONS CAN BE FOUND? Type of orbitalShapeCan hold SRound2 electrons PDumbbell Shaped6 electrons DLike a Four-Leaf Clover10 electrons

4. HOW DO THE ENERGY LEVELS, SUBLEVELS AND ORBITALS COMPARE? Energy LevelNumber of Electrons Number of Sublevels Type 1211S 2822S, 2P 31833S, 3P, 3D 43244S, 4P, 4D, 4F

5. WHAT ARE THE THREE RULES THAT DETERMINE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION? 1.Aufbau Principle: electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first. 2.Hund’s Rule: Fill each orbital with at least one electron before doubling up 3.Pauli Exclusion Principle: Orbitals can only hold two electrons and they have opposite spins

6. WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF ELECTRON CONFIGURATION?

7. HOW IS THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION WRITTEN FOR AN ATOM? 1. Be sure to use the proper order of orbitals. 2. Remember the maximum number of electrons each orbital can hold 3. When you add up the superscripts it should equal the number of electrons for that particular atom.

8. CHECK-OUT: What are three kinds of orbitals and their shapes?

9. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW IS THE NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATION DETERMINED FOR AN ELEMENT? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: What are the three rules for filling orbitals?

10. HOW CAN ELECTRON CONFIGURATION QUICKLY BE DETERMINED BY LOOKING AT THE PERIODIC TABLE? 1. Groups 1A and 2A = s orbitals 2. Group B (whole group) = d orbitals 3. Group 3A-8A = p orbitals 4. Groups at the bottom = f orbitals

11. CHECK-OUT: How is the noble gas configuration determined for an element?

12. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT IS ATOMIC EMISSION AND WHAT CAUSES IT? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: What is the electron configuration for Nickel? Both ways please!

13. WHAT ARE AMPLITUDE, WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCY? 1. Amplitude is how high the wave is 2. Wavelength is how far from one crest to the next or one trough to the next. 3. Frequency is how close together the waves are; the higher the frequency the more energy the wave has

15. WHAT CAUSES ATOMIC EMISSION? 1. When atoms absorb energy they move into higher energy levels. These electrons then lose energy by emitting light when they return to lower energy levels (ground state). 2. White light is made up of all the wavelengths of light (ROYGBIV) 3. Atoms are made up of specific frequencies which correspond to a specific color. 4. Atomic emission is like a fingerprint; no two elements have the same emission spectrum

16. CHECK-OUT: What is atomic emission and what causes it?

17. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT CAUSES OBJECTS TO GLOW IN THE DARK? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: TEST Tube!!!!

18. HOW DO FLUORESCENCE, PHOSPHORESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESENCE COMPARE? 1. In each example, electrons absorb energy and move to a higher energy level. When the release the energy they return to the lower energy level or ground state. 2. Flourescence: electrons absorb light energy, move to a higher energy level and emit light as they immediately return to the ground state. There is no delay in light emission. 3. Phosphorescence: Electron absorb light energy, move to a higher energy level and emit light for a while as they return to the ground state. There is a delay in light emission after light energy is removed (they glow in the dark) 4. Chemiluminesence: Electrons absorb chemical energy, move to a higher energy level and emit light until all chemical energy is gone.

19. CHECK-OUT: What causes objects to glow in the dark?