1. The First Globalization Classroom Presentation Cicero © 2007 Cicero History Beyond The Textbook

2. Interactive Guide Causes of Exploration Diagrams Picture Prompts Now & Then Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

3. Causes of Exploration Main Menu Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

4. Bad Food! Main Menu Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero The food in Europe prior to the early explorations was to say the least horrible. Any meat that had been hunted or purchased had to last the family until it was completely gone. This often meant that meat would be around long after it had begun to spoil. With the invention of the refrigerator more than 500 years away, they looked to spices to make their food a little more bearable. Spices like pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger came to be worth their weight in gold. Unfortunately, Venetian traders had a monopoly over the spice trade and demanded very high prices for their goods. For this reason the many countries of Europe looked for ways to go around the Venetians and trade for spices directly from the source, India.

5. A Tough Land Route Main Menu Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero In the 1400’s the relationship between the countries of Europe and the various Muslim empires that controlled the area between Europe and India made it impossible to acquire spices directly through land routes (like the Silk Road). This fact would lead the European countries, many of which bordered the sea, to seek an all water route to India by going around the continent of Africa and sailing east. The Portuguese would be the first to accomplish this when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498. Christopher Columbus came up with idea of sailing west around the globe (yes, the people of Europe did know that the world was round) in order to reach Asia. What Columbus and the other Europeans didn’t know was that way to Asia was partially blocked by the New World.

6. Diagrams First Contact: Cause & Effect Motivations of European Explorers Main Menu Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

7. Cause: Columbus reaches the New World Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

8. Cause: Columbus reaches the New World Effect: Native people are enslaved and killed Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

9. Cause: Columbus reaches the New World Effect: Native people are enslaved and killed Effect: Europeans realize they have discovered a new land. Main Menu Diagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

10. Cause: Columbus reaches the New World Effect: Native people are enslaved and killed Effect: Europeans realize they have discovered a new land. Effect: The discovery leads other European countries to explore. Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

11. Cause: Columbus reaches the New World Effect: Native people are enslaved and killed Effect: Europeans realize they have discovered a new land. Effect: The discovery leads other European countries to explore. Effect: Countless items are exchanged between Europe and the Americas Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

12. Motivations of Explorers What motivated early European explorers to risk their lives in search of places they were not sure existed? Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 Cicero History Beyond The Textbook

13. What motivated early European explorers to risk their lives in search of places they were not sure existed? God They wanted to spread Christianity to people around the world. Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero Motivations of Explorers

14. What motivated early European explorers to risk their lives in search of places they were not sure existed? God They wanted to spread Christianity to people around the world. Gold They wanted to get rich trading spices from Asia. Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero Motivations of Explorers

15. What motivated early European explorers to risk their lives in search of places they were not sure existed? God They wanted to spread Christianity to people around the world. Gold They wanted to get rich trading spices from Asia. Glory They wanted to become famous. This was one way a person in Europe could elevate their social class. Main MenuDiagrams Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero Motivations of Explorers

16. Now & Then Ships Finding Your Way Foods We Love Main Menu Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

17. Ships Back in 1492, Columbus made the journey across the Atlantic in a ship called a caravel with three masts that was only about 75 feet long by 25 feet wide and made from overlapping wooden planks. The ship was capable of a top speed of around 4 knots, or a little less than 5 miles per hour. Today, the exploration of space has become almost routine with the use of the Space Shuttle. This reusable space ship is about 121 feet long by 75 feet wide. The shuttle is made from state of the art carbon fibers and is covered in special tiles that can withstand incredibly high temperatures. The space shuttle is capable of traveling at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour! Main Menu Now & Then Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

18. Finding Your Way During the 1400’s, the tools available to early explorers were very basic. The Chinese had invented the compass, which uses a magnetized needle that points north more than a thousand years before and the astrolabe, which used the Sun and stars to calculate your position had been developed by the Muslims. Today, we make use of GPS, or the Global Positioning System. GPS is made up of a group of 24 satellites that are positioned around the Earth constantly emitting signals that we can use to determine our exact location on the face of the globe. In fact, most people have this technology in their cars or on their cell phones. Main Menu Now & Then Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

19. Foods We Love Before the arrival of Columbus in the New World, foods that we have come to love did not even exist. The ancient Aztecs did grow cacao to make chocolate, however they did not have sugar and wound up rolling it up with tobacco and smoking it. If you traveled to Italy in the 1400’s you would not have been able to order spaghetti or pizza because the tomato wouldn’t be brought over from America for some time. Even after it was introduced, Europeans believed it to be poisonous. Today candy manufacturers make more than 2 million tons of chocolate every year. This would not have been possible if sugar, grown in the East, had not have been combined with chocolate from the New World. Like chocolate, the tomato’s introduction to Europe would lead to it being combined with the wonderful breads and pastas of the Mediterranean region giving us the spaghetti and pizza we know and love today. Main Menu Now & Then Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

20. Picture Prompts The Many Faces of Christopher Columbus Main Menu Cicero © 2007 Leif Erikson History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

21. Will The Real Columbus Please Stand? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

22. Will The Real Columbus Please Stand? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

23. Will The Real Columbus Please Stand? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

24. Will The Real Columbus Please Stand? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

25. Will The Real Columbus Please Stand? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

26. Statue of Leif Erikson, Newfoundland What Is Wrong With This Picture? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero

27. Statue of Leif Erikson, Newfoundland What Is Wrong With This Picture? Picture Prompts Cicero © 2007 History Beyond The Textbook Cicero Contrary to popular belief Vikings did not wear helmets with horns on them.