1. Long-standing changes from WW2 Advances in science and technology spur new uses and new technology (and new threats) (synthetic rubber/materials, radar, jet engines, atomic weapons/energy) New Global Trends (Chps. 37-41) Nationalism and anti-colonialism = desires for independence and self-determination –India, Middle East, Africa, Asia Ideological conflicts giving rise to new powers, new threats, new rules = COLD WAR (1945-present - Chps. 37-41)

2. Post War Changes:

3. Setting the table for Cold War March 1946 - Winston Churchill declared that an “Iron Curtain” divided Europe into two hostile sides. Stalin responded by calling Churchill’s speech a “call to war with the Soviet Union.” The world was bitterly divided again.

4. When Two Tribes Go To War… Cold War Era Europe World History II

5. How the CW was fought…

6. Two Sides/Two Ideologies

7. United States –Truman Doctrine - Greece/Turkey –Marshall Plan –Containment (George Kennan) –NATO Soviet Union –Eastern Bloc –Warsaw Pact –COMECON or Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (1949-1991) Berlin Wall – Film

8. Economics Capitalism –IMF & World Bank (1944) –Supply & demand determined prices Communism –Own closed monetary system –Command Economy: govt agencies allocated goods and set prices

9. Economics cont… Capitalism –50 & 60s – US, Europe; –Great Britain – “Welfare State” –EEC  EU Communism –Recovery was rapid @ first, but gap w/West widens

10. Arms Race ICBM - intercontinental ballistic missiles - Ballistic (flies through air like a bullet) Hydrogen Bomb – 1952 (fusion of hydrogen atoms)

11. Nuclear Weapons June 1963 - Limited Test Ban Treaty 1968 - Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty May 1972: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty –NORAD 1996 - Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty –US signed it, but not ratified. 2010 – New START

13. Cold War “Tornado Drill” -- Duck and Cover

14. Space Race - Sputnik I Laika 1957 Yuri Gagarin Apr. 12, 1961

15. Who is dominant? Cold War Contentions outside of Europe Rule of Thumb: “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” For the US: If you are not a communist, it’s all good.

16. Korean War (1950-53) Vietnam War (1964-73) Domino Theory - If the Communists succeed in one area they are likely to succeed in other areas – other areas would fall like dominoes.

17. Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev (r.1953-1964)/John F. Kennedy Flugencio Batista/Fidel Castro (r.1959-2008) 1961 - Bay of Pigs 1962 - Brink of Nuclear War

18. Soviet-Afghan War 1979-89 Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan 1979 –mujahedeen 1980s - Ronald Reagan - –“evil empire” –CW intensifies –Google VideoGoogle Video

19. Leonid Brezhnev to Mikhail Gorbachev Brezhnev (r.1964 - 1982) – Détente –Soviet-Afghan War 1979 Gorbachev (r.1985-1991) –End of the CW – Perestroika – “restructuring” – Glasnost – “openness” –Stopped aid to foreign communists govts SU dissolved in 1991 1988

20. Challenges to Superpower Hegemony Poland –Lech Walesa (Prez in 1990)- program of Solidarity Romania –Nicholae Ceausescu (r. 1965-1989) Czechoslovakia –“Prague Spring” -Late 1960s –Vaclav Havel (1995 - 1st pres. Of Czech Republic)

21. Modern Ethnic Wars Yugoslavia –Slobodan Milosevic (r.1987-2000) Croatia 1991 Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992 Kosovo 1999 Chechen Crisis –Boris Yeltsin (r. 1991-1999) –suppressed attempt to create own nation

22. Korea and Vietnam Readings Small group discussion: –Discuss audience, purpose, etc –Briefly discuss questions at end –Briefly discuss any questions you brought –What do both of these readings mean in the larger context of the Cold War? Leave your questions on the front desk before you leave class.