1. Collaboration with Vietnam in development of technologies for low-cost solar cells Ph.D. Quang Nguyen Senior researcher – Norut Narvik

2. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 2 Outline  Motivation  International collaboration  Objectives  Activities and Results  Conclusions

3. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 3 Motivation Global warming and climat change is a big challenge Solar energy is clean and free covering 0.1% of the Earth’s surface with solar cells with 10% conversion efficiency would satisfy our present needs Renewable energies is a solution for sustainable development in Vietnam Vietnam has a big potential for utilization of sun energy average sunshine duration is 1783 hours per year

4. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 4 Problems Price of solar cells is too high for utilization in Vietnam - Cost of PV: 0,26 Euro/KWh (Germany) - Module spot price: 1,2 USD/Wp Lacking of technology for fabrication of solar cell in Vietnam Solutions  Low cost technology to fabricate solar cell with reasonable efficiency  Solar cells based on UMG-Silicon Silicon wafer contributes almost 70% of the overall Si-cell cost

5. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 5 International collaboration Project owner: Norut Narvik – Renewable energy group 11 researchers: 4 Ph.D, 4 M. Sc, 2 Ph.D students Solar Energy Technology with focus on –Material characterization –Crucible and silicon casting technology –Solar cell technology –Solar cell systems –Photovoltaic Production Technology

6. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 6 International collaboration Estabished in 2004, financed by the Higher Education Project of World Bank with 4.5 M$ of budget Public research organization, belonging to the Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city With more than 200m² of cleanroom, fully equiped for solar cell research More than 50 staff

7. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 7 Objectives & Plan 1 st Phase: set-up and optimization of basic technology processes Texturization Q1 2011-Q3 2011 Diffusion Q3 2011-Q2 2012 Antireflection Q3 2011-Q12012 15% cell efficiency

8. Disemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 8 Objectives & Plan 2 nd Phase: efficiency improvement to 16% SiN emitter Si Base p-type Dielectric layer Al- back contact Ag-front contact Point contact SiN emitter Si Base p-type BSF A- back contact Ag-front contact Tasks 20122013 Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 Rear side passivation Selective etching of dielectric layers Optimization of point contact on rear side Investigation of Light induced degradation

9. Disemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 9 Collaboration Activities January 2011: visit LNT  Recruit a Vietnamese Ph.D student  Gave a seminar  Singning binding contract Exchange of researchers  Ph.D student from LNT Vietnam worked for two months at Norut  The project meeting has been organized and will be held in Vietnam in November 2011, to strengthen the collaboration and to discuss the next phase of the project  One Norut’s researcher will work for 2 months at LNT

10. Disemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 10 Scientific results Optimization of texturization process  Parameters of process have been studied.  Obtained good texture with low reflectance of 25% Innovative process  Electrochemical etching in KOH solutions has been studied  New etching technique provided textured surface with very low reflectance of 20%  The result will be presented at the 3 rd International Conference on Nanotechnology and Application IWNA 2011 in November 2011, Vietnam

11. Dissemination seminar, Oslo 25.10.2011 11 Summary Research collaboration in renewable energy has been established between Norut Narvik- LNT Vietnam- IIT Bombay Active researcher exchanges strengthen the collaboration 2 seminar presentations and 1 publication in 9 months

12. Thank you for your attention!