1. ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS Opatija, May 7-9, 2008 19. Bienalni međunarodno kongres TURIZAM I HOTELSKA INDUSTRIJA 2008 19th Biennial International Congress TOURISM & HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 2008 Biljana Kulišić, M.sc. Željka Hrs Borković, B.Sc.Arch.Eng. Margareta Zidar, B.Sc.Arch.Eng. Energy institute Hrvoje Požar Department for renewable energy sources and energy efficiency mzidar@eihp.hr

2. www.eihp.hr 2 CONTENT INTRODUCTION EU LEGISLATION NATIONAL LEGISLATION ENERGY AUDIT IR THERMOGRAPHY MOTIVATION

3. ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS INTRODUCTION Energy related issues in Croatia : below 50 percent in energy self sufficiency continuing downward trend depletion of fossil fuel supplies growing trend in energy consumption appreciation of 80 percent of energy imports by 2030 GHG emissions growth questioning international agreements (Kyoto Protocol, Barcelona Convention, etc.)

4. Electricity consumption in major consumer groups in Croatia Heat energy consumption in major consumer groups in Croatia ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS INTRODUCTION

5. www.eihp.hr 5 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS INTRODUCTION Final energy consumption in Croatia in 2006 Source: EIHP The share of services 10%

6. www.eihp.hr 6 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS INTRODUCTION Research shows that more than one-fifth of the present energy consumption and up to 30-45 MT of CO 2 per year could be saved by 2010 by applying more ambitious standards to new and when refurbishing buildings. By promoting energy and ecologically sustainable building, energy efficiency aims to: Reduce heat losses from buildings by improving thermal protection of external envelope and by securing an adequate relationship between area of building's envelope and a buildings volume, Passive use of solar energy by favourable orientation of the building Utilise renewable energy sources in buildings – Sun energy, wind energy, biomass, geothermal Improve energy efficiency of thermal power systems

7. www.eihp.hr 7 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS EU LEGISLATION DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS Improvement of the energy performance of buildings taking into account outdoor climatic and local conditions, indoor climate requirements and cost-effectiveness. The general framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings The application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings The application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of large existing buildings that are subject to major renovation Energy certification of buildings Regular inspection of boilers and of air-conditioning systems in buildings and in addition an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old

8. www.eihp.hr 8 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS EU LEGISLATION DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS new buildings with useful area larger than 1.000 m 2 - technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative energy systems such as: decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable energy, cogeneration, district heating or cooling, heat pumps, etc. is considered and taken into account before construction starts existing buildings with useful area larger than 1.000 m 2 when undergoing refurbishment minimum improvement of energy characteristics - when ever is technically, functionally and economically feasible

9. www.eihp.hr 9 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS EU LEGISLATION DIRECTIVE 2006/32/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON ENERGY END-USE EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SERVICES Save 1% of energy distributed to final users per year Reduction of primary energy consumption Mitigation of CO 2 and other GHG emissions Prevention of dangerous climate changes

10. www.eihp.hr 10 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS NATIONAL LEGISLATION TECHNICAL REGULATION CONCERNING HEAT ENERGY SAVINGS AND THERMAL PROTECTION IN BUILDINGS OG 79/2005 Partly harmonised with Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings 2002/91/EC technical demands on heat energy savings and thermal protection to achieve in design of new buildings and refurbishment and reconstruction of existing ones which are heated on space temperature higher than 12°C yearly required heat energy consumption in buildings is limited in Master Project - calculation of thermal performance of building - statement of required heat energy for heating building maintaining regarding heat energy savings and thermal protection technical demands for building products other technical demands on heat energy savings and thermal protection

11. www.eihp.hr 11 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS NATIONAL LEGISLATION NEW PHYSICAL PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION LAW (OG 76/07) Partly harmonised with Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings 2002/91/EC important building characteristic heat savings and thermal protection must be achieved regarding local climate conditions energy consumption for heating, cooling and ventilation should be equal or lower than prescribed values satisfactory indoor climate conditions must be provided energy characteristics of buildings every building must be designed, built and maintained during its usage in order to provide prescribed energy characteristics before Use permit/ownership change/lease certificate of building’s energy characteristics by authorised person must be provided and presented building’s energy characteristics calculation procedure, certification procedure, authorisation of energy certification experts will be regulated by later technical regulation

12. www.eihp.hr 12 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS ENERGY AUDIT Evaluation of thermal performance of constructional elements and energy production and consumption systems of a building New conclusions and suggestions on how to increase the energy efficiency and achieve sustainable building Access and process of collected data to suggest most suitable economical, ecological and energy efficient measures Accurate present energy performance of building: construction characteristics (thermal protection) energy production systems quality and efficiency of lighting and household appliances building management Depending on the purpose of the building various methodology is needed for precise energy performance calculation

13. www.eihp.hr 13 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS ENERGY AUDIT EIHP SURVEY general data about the building (its type, purpose, year of the construction, year of the reconstruction, climate data, ownership) constructions characteristic (total surface and heated area, window frame type and glazing, external wall, roof and floor type) energy indicators (energy consumption for heating and cooling on a monthly basis, electricity consumption, characteristics of the heating, hot water and cooling systems, ventilation system and all other energy demand, including passive heat gains) living comfort (annotations from the owners or management of the building) final conclusion and suggestion measures (in at least two categories) smaller investment expenses (and fast implementation ) more expensive investment (with obligation to conduct detailed energy audit and feasibility study)

14. PRELIMINARY OR WALK THROUGH AUDIT Short input of energy condition in the building Determines potential to increase the energy efficiency and conducting detailed energy audit Visual observation of the buildings envelope and its energy systems with short analysis of collected data DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT WITH FEASIBILITY STUDY Detailed energy analysis of the building Identification of potential measures of energy efficiency through conversation with owners or management of the building and review into existing documents Utility bills reviewed for at least 12 or optional 36 month period to evaluate the facility’s energy demand Execution of consumption measuring – heat and electricity, infrared thermography, air permeability of the building ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS ENERGY AUDIT

15. www.eihp.hr 15 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS IR THERMOGRAPHY especially useful method for visualisation of heat losses through constructional elements in improving energy efficiency of buildings survey construction defect displayed by thermography: – non homogeneous wall material – incorrect or non existing thermal insulation – damp in construction, – flat roof problems, – thermal bridges, – open air ducts and ventilation, – slots, installations in walls and floors, etc. introduction of IR thermography in buildings is equally useful in energy auditing of existing buildings, historic buildings under protection, as in quality control of new buildings in indoor comfort assesment

16. www.eihp.hr 16 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS MOTIVATION Tourist accommodation in Croatia according to the period of construction: late 19th century, 1970-ies with mass tourism destinations and at the turn of the 20th century major reconstruction and renovation of existing and building new capacities. Previous building regulations were not considering energy consumption in buildings as an important issue: the majority of buildings do not meet prerequisites of indoor comfort low level of thermal insulation of external envelope insulation materials at construction period were poor equipment, installation and energy generating system, fuel use, location possibilities

17. www.eihp.hr 17 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS MOTIVATION Hotel management – motivated to conserve energy Energy costs to influence on bottom – line profits without influencing level of service: electricity, heat and transportation fuel bills dominantly electricity as energy form - heating/cooling, lighting, refrigerators and coolers, escalators etc.) liquid fuels and natural gas, coal and other - cooking and water heating Tourists quality expectations should be met regardless of system expenses: Without common rationale for energy saving Tend to indulge themselves Electricity consumption in European hotels linking the consumption with occupancy rate is average 25 kWh per guest per day Passive measures for energy conservation – magnetic card as energy switch

18. www.eihp.hr 18 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS MOTIVATION Mediterranean Action Plan for sustainable development of tourism introduced eco- labeling of hotels - little response EU legislation – harsh framework, substantial financial support National legislation – implementation of EU legislation framework with financial support by international and national institutions: World Bank, UNDP, GEF, European Commision, OECD, IEA, EBRD Croatian bank for reconstruction and development, Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency, HEP ESCO

19. www.eihp.hr 19 ENERGY AUDIT – METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION IN HOTELS MOTIVATION Energy audit, Action plan, Management plan Achieving industry best practice while having lower energy bills Demand for accommodation of a green accreditation scheme Green Building plus enhanced energy efficiency of non-residential buildings more energy efficient and sustainable building projects Intensifying investments in energy efficient technologies technical information on energy efficiency measures energy management in own building energy costs reduction final energy consumption reduction in Croatia CO 2 emission mitigation promotion of best examples National and EU award competition www.greenbuilding-hr.com

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