1. GSB Library Atrium Analysis John Brooks Richard Jones Reid Senescu Min Jae Suh Matt Yamasaki

2. Model Information  Feature: 2-story building with 12 windows and 1 skylight with atrium  Building Volume: 240 m³  Building Area: 78 m 2

3. Outline 1.Structure 2.Lighting 3.Acoustics 4.Schedule, 4D 5.Cost 6.Energy Analysis 7.CFD 8.Sample Money Slide 9.Challenges and Resolutions For each tool: a) Definition b) Tool Explanation c) Goal of Analysis d) Input e) Results

4. 4 Structure Analysis tools to evaluate the behavior & performance of structures under a various loading conditions Performance Standards:  Building codes  Earthquake resistance  Serviceability  Collapse prevention

5. 5 Revit Structure BIM based modeling tool Objects contain material, dimensional, connection and loading data ETABS Object based modeling and analysis software. Static/Dynamic analysis for frame & shear wall buildings. Seismic acceleration analysis Wind load forcing functions Effects of beam-column partial fixity Code-based load inputs

6. 6 Static Load Conditions Dead Load Live Load Earthquake  IBC 2006: Inputs are fixed. Wind  ASCE 7-02 Wind Loading  Applied to all area objects  Wind speed = 100 mph  Unknown Inputs: importance factor, exposure type, topographical factor, gust factor, directionality factor

7. 7 Model Analysis Analysis Goal  Determine maximum moments & deflections under given loading conditions  Determine demand capacity ratios for all members Analysis Parameter  Dimensions of members  Joints: Releases  Materials  Loads: Load combinations

8. 8 Revit Structure Regenerate Revit Architecture model Member Properties Slab: 12” generic fill Wall: 8” generic bearing Beams: 24x32 concrete, CIP, pinned connections Columns: 24x24 concrete, CIP, fixed connections Loads: 40 psf area load.

9. 9 ETABS Import Revit model Correct geometric errors Define “dummy surfaces” Define additional load parameters & combinations Analyze

10. 10 Analysis Result ETABS generates shear, moment and deflection data on each beam. Have not successfully obtained demand capacity ratio data. BEAM B2 LOAD COND V max (k)M max (k in)D max (in) DL2.7287.010.017 DE2.7388.120.017 DWL2.99100.540.020 DL = 1.2 Dead + 1.6 Live DE = 1.2 Dead + 1.0 Earthquake DWL = 1.2 Dead + 1.3 Wind + 0.5 Live

11. DaySim Uses Radiance (ray-tracing engine) to calculate daylighting performance over entire year Uses Mental Ray (ray-tracing engine) to create real daylight renderings of building Revit Architecture 2009

12. Lighting Inputs/Assumptions Sunnyvale Weather File Occupied 8 AM to 5 PM Min. Illuminance: 500 lux All default settings

13. Lighting Results Total Electric Lighting Energy: 2.9 kWh/SF –Average Office Building Energy: 2.6 kWh/SF Daylight Autonomy: 60% –% of the year when a minimum illuminance threshold is met by daylight alone 0% of sensors have Daylight Factor > 2% –ratio of internal to external illuminance. 100% of sensors have a Continuous Daylight Autonomy above 60% –% of time daylight is sufficient (with partial credit)

14. Daylight Study, May 5, 2008

15. 15 Acoustic Definition Acoustics: Interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound, ultrasound and infrasound. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics) Architectural Acoustics: design of spaces, structures, and mechanical/electrical systems to meet hearing needs (Benjamin Stein, John S. Reynolds, Walter T. Grondzik, Alison G. Kwok, “Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings,” 10 th edition, Wiley)

16. 16 ECOTECT Statistical Reverberation Sprayed Acoustic Rays Animated Sound Particles Interactive Control Using the Mouse Wheel Color-Coded Display Reflector Coverage Acoustic Analysis Linking Decay Rates to Geometric Path

17. 17 Model Analysis Analysis Goal  Installing speakers on the optimized spot Analysis Parameter  Installing/Number/Type of Speakers  Interior Material  Number/Type/Occupancy of Seats

18. 18 Input Data Material Condition  Material: Roof(Claytile Roof) Wall(Conc Block Render) Ceiling(Acoustics Tile Suspend) Speaker(Column Speaker 1000W) Floor(Conc Flr Carpeted Suspended) Window(Double Glazed Alum frame) Speaker Condition  Number: 3 Speakers  Installing: 2 Corner & 1 Center of Bottoms (3 Speakers)

19. 19 Analysis Result Distribution of Particle  Direct particle: Around Speakers  Masked particle: Most of the particles&all around the room  Useful particle: Only from 63Hz  Echo/Reverberation/Border: No occurrence 63Hz16KH z

20. 20 Analysis Result (cont) Reverberation Time  No Chair and No Occupancy Conclusion  Most Suitable: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant)  Selected: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant) FREQ.TOTAL ABSPT. SABINE RT(60) NOR-ER RT(60) MIL-SE RT(60) 63Hz: 665.509 0.47 0.00 125Hz:7534.765 0.48 0.12 0.14 250Hz:7377.649 0.49 0.15 0.17 500Hz:7185.799 0.50 0.18 0.21 1kHz:6943.730 0.52 0.22 0.24 2kHz:6626.046 0.54 0.26 0.29 4kHz:6184.510 0.58 0.32 0.36 8kHz:5511.301 0.65 0.44 0.48 16kHz:4293.445 0.83 0.75 0.7920

21. 21 Analysis Result (cont) Reverberation Time  Assume 100 Hard back Chairs and 70% Occupancy Conclusion  Optimum RT (500Hz - Speech): 1.21 s  Optimum RT (500Hz - Music): 1.95 s  Volume per Seat: 223.350 m3  Minimum (Speech): 4.550 m3  Minimum (Music): 8.503 m3  Most Suitable: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant)  Selected: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant) FREQ.TOTAL ABSPT. SABINE RT(60) NOR-ER RT(60) MIL-SE RT(60) 63Hz: 7665.509 0.47 0.00 125Hz: 7534.765 0.48 0.12 0.14 250Hz: 7377.649 0.49 0.15 0.17 500Hz: 7185.799 0.50 0.18 0.21 1kHz: 6943.730 0.52 0.22 0.24 2kHz: 6626.046 0.54 0.26 0.29 4kHz: 6184.510 0.58 0.32 0.36 8kHz: 5511.301 0.65 0.44 0.48 16kHz: 4293.445 0.83 0.74 0.79

22. 22 Analysis Result (cont) Acoustic Response  Calculation Method: Estimated Reverberation  dB range: -60dB  Max Bounces: 17  Time: 0.013sec=13ms Conclusion  Number of Points: 1597 (20 Reflections)  Mean Free Path Length: 0.054 m  Effective Surface Area: 0.252 m2  Effective Volume: 0.003 m3  Most Suitable: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant) FREQ.TOTAL ABSPT. SABINE RT(60) NOR-ER RT(60) MIL-SE RT(60) 63Hz: 0.252 0.00 125Hz: 0.247 0.00 250Hz: 0.240 0.00 500Hz: 0.233 0.00 1kHz: 0.223 0.00 2kHz: 0.210 0.00 4kHz: 0.192 0.00 8kHz: 0.165 0.00 16kHz: 0.117 0.00

23. 23 Analysis Result (cont)

24. 24 Analysis Result (cont) Existed Ray/Particles Animation

25. Schedule, 4D Definition 4D model: a model that links the 3D description of a product to be constructed with the plan and time-based schedule to build it. A 4D animation shows the construction of a project Virtual Design and Construction: Themes, Case Studies and Implementation Suggestions by John Kunz & Martin Fischer

26. Schedule, 4D Tool Explanation –Navisworks JetStream Combines a schedule and a 3D model to create a movie of the construction of the project

27. Schedule, 4D Goal of Analysis –See if either option present construction complications based on schedule –Review constructability of both alternatives –Analyze sequence of activities Parameters of Analysis –Building Components –Building Schedule Durations –Work Type (Construct/Demolish)

28. Schedule, 4D Input –Schedule Microsoft Project –3D Model Revitt  Autodesk –MISTAKE: To remedy this, use Revit convert to IFC and use that in Navisworks

29. Schedule

30. 3D Model

31. Schedule, 4D Result Link to Movie

32. Cost Definition –A cost model will help estimate the construction costs of a product. At times complex algorithms may be implemented; however, a model can also be as simple as a product formula in a spreadsheet.

33. Cost Tool Explanation –Using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) based standard for defining object properties, Quantity Takeoff Explorer produces all quantities related to the objects contained in the model. Quantity Takeoff Explorer calculates the quantities based on objects types and IFC defined dimensions. (wikipedia)

34. Schedule, 4D Goal of Analysis –Pull in construction costs rapidly –Generate associated labor costs –Compare the two alternatives Parameters of Analysis –Square Footage –Building Components –Construction Region selected

35. Cost Input –Revit Model Database IFC Scene (Assemblies) –Specific Building Square Footage

36. Cost Results 

37. Cost Results –Since I could not get our model to run, I pulled some reports using the Building Explorer files given called “GTC1”

38. Cost Component Costs

39. Cost

41. Energy Analysis IES Virtual Environment –ApacheSim Simulates HVAC performance (ApacheHVAC) Simulates natural and mixed ventilation (MacroFlo) Simulates building loads (ApacheLoad) Simulates heat loss/gain (ApacheCalc)

42. Energy Analysis Goal: –To determine necessary heating and cooling loads for design conditions –To determine energy consumption of building –To determine if natural ventilation will be sufficient

43. Energy Analysis Model Inputs: –Local weather data –Daylighting output –Gains from from lights, equipment, and occupants –Building type and operation properties –Building components attributes Windows, doors, etc

44. Energy Analysis Model Outputs: –Total room and ventilation loads –HVAC loads –Building energy consumption –Carbon emissions –Comfort indices –Generated ventilation airflows

45. CFD Analysis CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics –Analysis of fluid flows using numerical methods and algorithms –Simulation of wind tunnel performance

46. CFD Analysis IES Virtual Environment MicroFlo (IES VE) Numerical simulation of air flow an heat transfer User definable obstructions Interoperability with Virtual Environment model

47. CFD Analysis Goals: –Determine effects of atrium on airflow in building –Predict occupant comfort Temperature gradient in rooms Air velocity

48. CFD Analysis Model inputs: –Boundary Conditions defined during energy analysis –Obstructions and heat generating component Ex: People, computers, radiators, etc Model outputs: –Air flow temperature, direction, and velocity –Graphical displays of temperature gradient and air flow properties

49. Sample MACDADI Goodness

50. Challenges Cost - Building Explorer –Export from Revit not working –Revit to.dwg to Navisworks, object come in funny –Scene (.bxds file) not working Resolution: Contacted Building Explorer, awaiting response. Try to Navisworks from Energy and CFD Analysis - IES –Cannot export from Revit –License for new version doesn’t work –Even 2d.dxf ran into errors Resolution: Export through 2d.dxf, inputing ceiling heights, emailing IES Acoustic - Ecotect –No detailed tutorials –Trouble with.dxf, Resolution: Enough worked for demo

51. Challenges Structure –Openings in Revit don’t show as openings in ETABS –Not sure how concrete capacity works, can’t output real demand/capacity Resolution: create opening manual and will investigate capacity or do hand cals. Lighting –Couldn’t export daylighting simulation to compatible.avi format Resolution: play with different formats and codecs I-Room Problems –Could not access P drive for about seven days Resolved, though can’t connect laptops –Two computers had no mouse Resolution: other students stole a mouse from another lab –A few computers never have access to P drive Resolution: will e-mail Marc