1. Kublai Khan & the Yuan Dynasty

2. Kublai Khan Grandson of TemujinConquered ChinaUnified ChinaEconomic tradeToleration of culture “Great Khan”Yuan Dynasty First time in 300 years Opened foreign markets Did not destroy

3. Built a capital in Beijing Supported arts/luxury First Mongolian Ruler to live in China Established Chinese prestige

4. Conqueror by horse…Chinese leadership?Works?Connects Beijing -???Internal trade Govern by throne Local, not high positions Grand Canal/Highway Hangzhou Supply of grain/goods

5. Four Class System Segregation, Apartheid, Racial heirarchy Mongolian, Semu, Han and Southerners (Song Dynasty) Caste system Kublai Khan Instituted by? Those who submitted first are to be treated with higher regard Political oppression & ethnic segregation Psychological effect? Contributed to corrpution and poor leadership due to bribery Ultimately led to Yuan decline System to establish Mongolian GOVERNABILITY

6. Mongolian peace with conquored areas Pax Mongolica? Printing, gunpowder, paper money, compass, playing cards Chinese Inventions? Muslim world, India, Europe Invited trade No other option, fear, no attachment to former states Why did trade occur with Mongols? West East

7. Culture Constructed the Sitiantai Many Chinese astrologers Astrology Imported numbers from Arabic world Aided in Chinese astrology Mathematics HuiHui Prescription – the mixture of Muslim/Chinese medicine Medicine Yuan Drama - popular style of drama Urheen – stringed instrument Literature/Drama/Music

8. Expensive wars/military failures Misrule of lower class Famine, failing economies, flood, disease What caused leadership in Europe to fail? Infighting Bad leadership Corruption Kublai Khan’s Death: 1294 1300’s began period of Chinese unrest Other Mongolian empires also fell at around this time Rebellion