2. Scientific Revolution - Connections Continuation of the Renaissance? Continuation of the Renaissance? Continuation of the Reformation? Continuation of the Reformation? Rejection of the Renaissance? Rejection of the Renaissance? Rejection of the Reformation? Rejection of the Reformation? Beginning of truly “modern times”? Beginning of truly “modern times”? End of the Renaissance Man? End of the Renaissance Man?

3. Scientific Revolution - Summary Using experimentation and reason to prove the truth of something. Using experimentation and reason to prove the truth of something. “I Think, Therefore I am” – Descartes “I Think, Therefore I am” – Descartes Printing Press – Ideas Build Across Time and Space Printing Press – Ideas Build Across Time and Space New Tools (Telescope) and Techniques (Scientific Method) New Tools (Telescope) and Techniques (Scientific Method)

4. Image Credit: Funky64Funky64

5. Monty Python Witch Village: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3jt5ibfRzw Monty Python Witch Village: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3jt5ibfRzw

6. Image Credit: Funky64Funky64

7. Alchemy Chemistry

9. These years saw the biggest advances in science since the Greeks.

11.  The Catholic Church The Classic View The Classic View Not the only culprit Not the only culprit

12. 2.Ancient Science was very advanced. 3.Printing Press allowed scientists to communicate allowed scientists to communicate 4.Limited Mathematics calculus was invented later calculus was invented later 5.Limited technology no telescopes, microscopes no telescopes, microscopes 6.Natural Science not emphasized in medieval universities Church Controlled Church Controlled

13. Ptolemy (83-161 A.D.) (Roman) Egypt Copernicus(1473-1543)Poland Galileo(1564-1642)Italy HELIOcentric Theory GEOcentric Theory CONFIRMED Heliocentric Theory

15. Empiricism Galileo improves telescope, observes Venus

16. Moon Earth Venus SunMars Geocentric View :

17. Pre-Scientific Revolution What was the general world-view before the Scientific Revolution? -God is sovereign -accept the unseen by faith alone - Theology was based on Aristotle and Ptolemy

20. Science vs. the Church? Galileo tried by Church officials Galileo tried by Church officials Recants Recants Genuine? Genuine? Tension between the Church and Science? Tension between the Church and Science?

21. Importance

22. Sir Francis Bacon 1561-1626 1561-1626 England England “A little philosophy inclineth man’s mind to atheism; but depth in philosophy bringeth men’s minds about to religion."

23. Andreas Vesalius Belgium (1514-1564) Belgium (1514-1564) Experiments on Cadavers Experiments on Cadavers

24. 1643-1727 1643-1727 Universal Gravitation Universal Gravitation Dependent on heliocentric theory Dependent on heliocentric theory Laws of Motion Laws of Motion Beginnings of Calculus Beginnings of Calculus

25. French Philosopher and Mathematician French Philosopher and Mathematician Cartesian Dualism Cartesian Dualism “Cogito ergo sum.” “Cogito ergo sum.” “I think, therefore I am.”

26. Cartesian Plane

27. Cartesian DUALISM The mind and the body are separate. René DescartesRené Descartes's illustration of dualism. Inputs are passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit.epiphysis

28. Aristotle (Ancient Greek Philosopher) DEDUCTIVE REASONING Start with a premise Valid until disproven Sir Francis Bacon INDUCTIVE REASONING Start with observations Something must be PROVEN in order to be true

29. Deductive Reasoning 1. 1. All men are mortal. 2. 2. Socrates is a man. Therefore, 3. 3. Socrates is mortal. Premises Conclusion Innocent Until Proven Guilty

30. Conclusions are drawn from generalizations. Some rights reservedSome rights reserved by Kurt RaschkeKurt Raschke Some rights reservedSome rights reserved by Kurt RaschkeKurt RaschkeDEDUCTIVE

31. Conclusions are drawn from a series of observations. Some rights reservedSome rights reserved by Kurt RaschkeKurt Raschke Some rights reservedSome rights reserved by Kurt RaschkeKurt RaschkeINDUCTIVE

33. Descartes & Bacon Based on logic and reason rather than faith – conclusions had to be based on observation (empiricism) and experimentation

34. The Scientific Revolution was aided by the development of Royal Academies in the seventeenth century. Established by absolute monarchs for Scientific Investigation Why?

35. Better Science = Better Warmaking Also, Alchemy could make a king rich (for those who believed in it)

36. Royal Academies published journals so that scientists could communicate. Others could continue their experiments. (e.g., Copernicus  Galileo)

37. Louis XIV at the French Academy of Sciences

39. The Limits of Reason… Can God’s existence be established through empirical methods? ? ?

40. Blaise Pascal French Mathematician

41. Pascal’s Triangle Blaise Pascal French Mathematician

42. 1400-1700 70,000 and 100,000 “witches” burned in Europe The Burning of Three Witches Switzerland, 16 th c. 80% Women The Continuing Influence of Superstition

43. http://www.charter.net/news/read.php?rip_id=%3CDA4A56SG3%40news.ap.org%3E&ps=1012