1. Chapter Eight The Art of Ancient Greece

2. History of Greek City-States Continuing rivalry Formed Delian League – Defensive alliance against Persian invaders

3. Greek Architecture Early temples made of wood or brick – As economy prospered stone was used Basic design: – Served Greek needs – Built to please the gods

4. Orders of Decorative Style Doric order Ionic order Corinthian order

6. Doric Order Earliest decorative style Principle feature is a simple column without a base, topped by a plain capital

7. Doric ColumnsDoric Capitals Doric Frieze

9. Ionic Order Thinner and taller columns Principle feature is an elaborate base and capital that curves into a double scroll

10. Ionic Order More elegant – Better suitable for small temple construction – More elegant

11. Ionic Columns Ionic Capitals

13. Corinthian Order Most elaborate Principle feature is an elongated capital decorated with leaves

15. The Acropolis Sacred hill of Athens – Symbolized the glory of Athens

16. The Parthenon 447 BC – Completed in 8 or 9 years Post-and-lintel construction including: – Sloping roof – Colonnade Housed giant gold statue of Athena

19. The Parthenon Exterior Made to look as attractive as possible – Only priests allowed inside Few perfectly straight lines – Look straight BUT bend upward in a gradual arc so the center is slightly higher than the ends

20. The Parthenon Exterior Originally painted with bright colors – Blue, red, green, and yellow

21. Greek Vase Decoration Different styles: – Geometric 900 – 700 BC Decorated with geometric patterns – Realism Figures began to appear on vases Vases used as tombstone markers

25. Greek Vase Decoration Realism: – Figures were made from triangles and lines Appear as stick simple stick figures – Began to tell stories Example: Vase with Ajax and Achilles Playing Morra

27. Vase with Ajax and Achilles Playing Morra Created by artist Exekias 540 BCE Story: – Two Greek generals playing a board game Ajax and Achilles were so involved in the game they forgot they were at war and their enemy mounted a surprise attack

28. Archaic Period Sculpture 600- 480 BC Large, freestanding figures – Kouroi and Korai Kouros meaning “youth”

29. Kouros Male youth; possibly a god or athlete – Stiffness – Straight pose Resembles Egyptian sculptures – Only suggestion of movement is the left foot placed slightly in front of the right foot

31. Kouros Symmetrically balanced – Details of hair, eyes, mouth, and chest identical on both sides of the figure Arms are slightly separated from the body – Open space between the legs

32. Suggestion of movement Cut out spaces

33. Kourai Clothed women sculptures – Example: Hera of Samos (Figure 8.15) Resemble a stone cylinder Stiff pose – Right arm held against the body and feet tightly together

34. Kourai No deep carving of open spaces BUT instead a pattern of lines suggests a garment – Adds textural interest

35. Classical Period Sculpture Abandoned Archaic stiffness and instead figures began to move in space – For example: Myron’s Discobolus (Figure 8.16) Skillful rendering of an athlete

36. Procession of Horsemen Figure 8.18; p. 182

37. Strong sense of movement: 1) Prancing horses 2) Pace of figures

38. Procession of Horsemen Movement suggested by pattern of light and shadow of the drapery – Creates a flickering quality

39. Contrapposto Pose A pose in which the weight of the body is balanced on one leg while the other leg is free and relaxed

40. Spear Bearer Crafted by Polyclitus Slight turn of the body – Gives a freer, more lifelike appearance Feeling of athletic strength Figure 8.20

41. Hellenistic Sculptures Artists were extremely skillful and confidant – Created dramatic (often violent) images Specific interest in faces Beauty less important than emotional expression

43. The Dying Gaul Originally part of a large monument built to celebrate a victory over the Gauls – Fierce warriors from the North Final moments before death – Difficult to support his head as it tilts downward

44. Nike of Samothrace Celebration of a naval victory – Nike: winged Goddess of victory Handling of the fabric adds a feeling of forward movement Body twists in space to create a dynamic pose

46. The Seated Boxer Unknown artist Bronze Emotional impact is undeniable