1. Factors affecting population growth

2. Population structure
A population pyramid is a type of bar graph used to show age and gender structure of a country, city or other area.
What can a population pyramid tell us about a population?
Birth rate
Death rate
Life expectancy
Economic development

4. Analysing Population Pyramids
UK, 2000
Key things to know about population pyramids
The shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot about an area's population.
It gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy.
A population pyramid tells us how many dependants there are. There are two groups of dependants; young dependants (aged below 15) and elderly dependants (aged over 65).
Dependants rely upon the economically active for economic support.
Many LEDCs have a high number of young dependants, whilst many MEDCs have a growing number of elderly dependants.
Mozambique, 2000

5. Population pyramids for countries at different stages of the DTM
Turn to pages 178 and 179 in your text book as we are going to look at some different examples.
Define the following key terms:
Age structure
Gender structure
Infant mortality rate
Child mortality
Look at the hand-out and stick
it into your notes.
What would stage 5 look like? Use page 179 to help you.

6. Think in terms of social, economic, environmental & political.
Get into pairs…
On your mini white boards you are going to make a list each:
Person 1:Factors that can increase population
Person 2:Factors that can decrease population
Think in terms of social, economic, environmental & political.

7. What are the main factors affecting population growth
What are the main factors affecting population growth? Here are some clues…

8. 1. Agriculture
Improvements in technology since the industrial revolution allow more food to be produced whilst reducing the need for labour.
This frees some workers for industry and more rapid economic growth.
With technological advances even fewer people are needed in farming and industry. This means that smaller families are more desirable.

9. 2. Urbanisation
Rural to urban migration is common in poorer countries as cities are believed to have greater opportunities.
Migrants often seek better educational opportunities for their children as well as healthcare.
In urban areas children are not needed to work on farms and this means that people have less children.

10. 3. Education
In developing countries education is viewed by parents as their children’s best chance for an improved standard of living.
If parents have fewer children they have more money to spend on each child e.g. their education.
Many parents in LEDC now value have fewer children who are educated.

11. 4. Emancipation of women
Opportunities for women have increased in education and the wider workforce.
More women are undertaking high achieving and high earning jobs. Many women are now deciding to pursue a career instead of having children.
With the increasing costs associated with having children many women are now deciding not to have children.
Video of USA couple here
Read p177 and add more information to your notes.

12. If you have time…. Have a go at questions 3 and 4 on page 177.

13. Complete the past exam questions – 1a -1b (11 marks in total).
Homework
Complete the past exam questions – 1a -1b (11 marks in total).