1. Reading Unit 4 Chapter 7: Choosing to Be Different

2. nomad (n.) a member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals (n.) a member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals

3. vary (v.) if several things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other [= differ] (v.) if several things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other [= differ] vary from place to place/person to person etc vary from something to something vary considerably/greatly/widely/enormously vary slightly vary according to/depending on something varying degrees/levels/sizes/amounts vary from place to place/person to person etc vary from something to something vary considerably/greatly/widely/enormously vary slightly vary according to/depending on something varying degrees/levels/sizes/amounts

4. accumulate (v.) to gradually get more and more money, possessions, knowledge etc over a period of time (v.) to gradually get more and more money, possessions, knowledge etc over a period of time It is unjust that a privileged few should continue to accumulate wealth. It is unjust that a privileged few should continue to accumulate wealth.

5. carefree (adj.) having no worries or problems: He thought back to the carefree days of his childhood. (adj.) having no worries or problems: He thought back to the carefree days of his childhood. a carefree attitude a carefree attitude

6. phobia (n.) a strong unreasonable fear of something phobia about Owen has a phobia about snakes (n.) a strong unreasonable fear of something phobia about Owen has a phobia about snakes (adj.) phobic (adj.) phobic

7. claustrophobia (n.) a strong fear of being in a small enclosed space or in a situation that limits what you can do (n.) a strong fear of being in a small enclosed space or in a situation that limits what you can do She felt she had to escape from the claustrophobia of family life. She felt she had to escape from the claustrophobia of family life. claustrophobic (adj.) claustrophobic (adj.)

8. disturb (v. ) interrupt somebody (v. ) interrupt somebody I ’ m sorry to disturb you. I ’ m sorry to disturb you.

9. isolation (n.) (n.) isolate (v.): to separate sb /st physically or socially from other people or things isolate (v.): to separate sb /st physically or socially from other people or things Patients with the disease should be isolated. Patients with the disease should be isolated.

10. leisure (n.) time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy (n.) time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy Watching television is now the nation's most popular leisure activity. Watching television is now the nation's most popular leisure activity. at (your) leisure at (your) leisure if you do something at your leisure, you do it slowly and without hurrying: Come round for lunch and then we can discuss it at leisure if you do something at your leisure, you do it slowly and without hurrying: Come round for lunch and then we can discuss it at leisure

11. reject (v. ) to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something [≠ accept] (v. ) to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something [≠ accept] Sarah rejected her brother's offer of help. Sarah rejected her brother's offer of help. if your body rejects an organ, after a transplant operation, it does not accept that organ if your body rejects an organ, after a transplant operation, it does not accept that organ

12. retirement (n.) when you stop working, usually because of your age (n.) when you stop working, usually because of your age retirement from He became a keen golfer after his retirement from politics. retirement from He became a keen golfer after his retirement from politics. retirement as retirement as He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company. He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company. She took early retirement (=retired at an earlier age than usual) last year. She took early retirement (=retired at an earlier age than usual) last year.

13. senior citizen someone who is over 60 years old or who is retired someone who is over 60 years old or who is retired senior (adj.) having a higher position, level, or rank [ ↪ junior]: the senior Democrat on the House committee senior (adj.) having a higher position, level, or rank [ ↪ junior]: the senior Democrat on the House committee senior to senior to He is also a diplomat, but senior to me. He is also a diplomat, but senior to me.

14. set apart from (v. phr.) to make sb/ st different from or better than others (v. phr.) to make sb/ st different from or better than others Her elegant style sets her apart from other journalists. Her elegant style sets her apart from other journalists.

15. uneasy (adj.) anxious, worried or slightly afraid because you think that something bad might happen (adj.) anxious, worried or slightly afraid because you think that something bad might happen 90% of those questioned felt uneasy about nuclear power. 90% of those questioned felt uneasy about nuclear power. not comfortable, peaceful, or relaxed: She eventually fell into an uneasy sleep not comfortable, peaceful, or relaxed: She eventually fell into an uneasy sleep

16. withdraw (v.) to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization etc, or to make someone do this withdraw from A knee injury forced her to withdraw from the competition. (v.) to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization etc, or to make someone do this withdraw from A knee injury forced her to withdraw from the competition. if an army withdraws, or if it is withdrawn, it leaves a place [= pull out]: the USA's decision to withdraw 40,000 troops from western Europe if an army withdraws, or if it is withdrawn, it leaves a place [= pull out]: the USA's decision to withdraw 40,000 troops from western Europe (v.) to take money out of a bank account (v.) to take money out of a bank account I'd like to withdraw £500 from my current account. I'd like to withdraw £500 from my current account.

17. quarters [plural] the rooms that are given to someone to live in as part of their job, especially servants or soldiers: The top floor provided living quarters for the kitchen staff [plural] the rooms that are given to someone to live in as part of their job, especially servants or soldiers: The top floor provided living quarters for the kitchen staff

18. gated gated community [countable] American English gated community [countable] American English an area of houses and sometimes also shops, tennis courts etc, where a fence or wall surrounds the area and the entrance is guarded an area of houses and sometimes also shops, tennis courts etc, where a fence or wall surrounds the area and the entrance is guarded

19. overthrow (v.) to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force [= oust]: Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government. (v.) to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force [= oust]: Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government.

20. fate (n.) the things that will happen to someone, especially unpleasant events (n.) the things that will happen to someone, especially unpleasant events leave/abandon somebody to their fate (=leave someone when something terrible could happen to them) leave/abandon somebody to their fate (=leave someone when something terrible could happen to them) They had abandoned him and left him to his fate. They had abandoned him and left him to his fate.

21. barter (v.) to exchange goods, work, or services for other goods or services rather than for money (v.) to exchange goods, work, or services for other goods or services rather than for money I had to barter with the locals for food I had to barter with the locals for food

22. homesteader homestead (n.): a farm and the area of land around it / a piece of land, usually for farming, given to people in the past by the US government homestead (n.): a farm and the area of land around it / a piece of land, usually for farming, given to people in the past by the US government

23. urban (adj.) relating to towns and cities [≠ rural; ↪ suburban]: unemployment in urban areas (adj.) relating to towns and cities [≠ rural; ↪ suburban]: unemployment in urban areas the urban population the urban population

24. retiree (n.) someone who has stopped working, usually because of their age (n.) someone who has stopped working, usually because of their age