©2015HappyEdugator. Commas Separate Ideas, Set off Special Elements, and Set off Quotations. Commas are used with lists Commas are used with addresses,

Commas Separate Ideas, Set off Special Elements, and Set off Quotations. Commas are used with lists Commas are used with addresses, dates and Titles Commas are used with dependent and independent clauses Commas are used with nonessential clauses, phrases, and words Commas are used for introductory clauses, phrases and words Commas are used to separate adjectives ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Lists Rules for using Commas with Lists: Commas are used when there are 2 or more nouns in a list (example: cats, dogs and mice). It is common for "and" or "or" to separate the last 2 words in a list. A comma is optional before the word "and" or "or". Examples: – Tomorrow is going to be hot, sunny and dry. – I have to buy tomatoes, beans, peppers and onions. – Do you want to listen to rock music, jazz or pop music? ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Dates Rules for using commas with dates: Dates - a comma is placed, between the day and the year, when the writing according to Standard American English Month Day, Year - September 15, 2011 Days and Dates - When writing the day and the date, a comma is placed after the day, and follow the rules for dates (see above). – Example: Monday, July 15, 2011 ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas with Dependent Clauses Independent Clauses have a complete thought, is a complete sentence contains a subject and a predicate (object). Dependent Clauses ( a.k.a subordinate clauses) not a complete thought, is not a complete sentence contains a subject and a predicate (object) Often is marked by a dependent marker word or subordinating conjunction such as these common ones: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Dependent Clauses When a dependent (subordinate) clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is needed. Example: When I went to the store, I didn't buy any bread. If a dependent (subordinate) clause occurs in the middle of an independent clause, then a comma is needed before the clause and after it. Example: My neighbor, who lives on the 2 nd floor, is going to take me to school tomorrow. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Independent Clauses There are two types of words that can be used as connectors at the beginning of an independent clause: coordinating conjunctions and independent marker or transition words. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Independent Clauses 1.Coordinating Conjunction The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (FANBOYS) When the second independent clause in a sentence begins with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is needed before the coordinating conjunction: Example: Jim studied in the cafeteria for his Language Arts quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas with Independent Clauses 2. Independent Marker Word or Transition This is a connecting word used at the beginning of an independent clause. It can always begin a sentence that can stand alone. When the second independent clause in a sentence has an independent marker word, a semicolon is needed before the independent marker word, and a comma is needed after it. Example: Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz; however, it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. Some common independent markers or transition words are: also, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, and therefore. ©2015HappyEdugator

Some Common Errors to Avoid Comma Splices A comma splice is the use of a comma by itself between two independent clauses. You can usually fix the error by changing the comma to a period and therefore making the two clauses into two separate sentences, by changing the comma to a semicolon, by adding a coordinating conjunction right after it, or by making one clause dependent by inserting a dependent marker word in front of it. A comma cannot join two independent clauses by itself. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas with Nonessential Elements Use commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence.  If you leave out the clause, phrase, or word, does the sentence still make sense? Does the clause, phrase, or word interrupt the flow of words in the original sentence? If you move the element to a different position in the sentence, does the sentence still make sense?  If you answer "yes" to one or more of these questions, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off with commas. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas Set Off Nonessential Elements RULE: Commas are placed before the nonessential element, and at the end of the nonessential element. Use a comma before to indicate the beginning of the pause and one at the end to indicate the end of the pause. Example: This restaurant has an exciting mood. The food, on the other hand, is rather plain. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Introductory Clauses RULE: Use commas after introductory clauses that come before the main clause. Introductory clauses should be followed by a comma While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class. However, don't put a comma after the main clause when a dependent (subordinate) clause follows it (except for cases of extreme contrast). The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating. (incorrect) She was still quite upset, although she had won the Oscar. (correct: extreme contrast) ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Introductory Phrases RULE: Common introductory phrases should be followed by a comma Examples: Having finished the test, he left the room. To get a seat, you'd better come early. After the test but before lunch, I went jogging. The sun radiating intense heat, we sought shelter in the cafe. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas With Introductory Words Common introductory words that should be followed by a comma include yes, however, well. Examples: Well, perhaps he meant no harm. Yes, the package should arrive tomorrow morning. However, you may not be satisfied with the results. ©2015HappyEdugator

Commas To Separate Adjectives Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun. Coordinate adjectives are adjectives with equal status in describing the noun; neither adjective is subordinate to the other. You can decide if two adjectives in a row are coordinate by asking the following questions: Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written in reverse order? Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written with and between them? If you answer “yes” to these questions, then the adjectives are coordinate and should be separated by a comma. Examples: He was a difficult, stubborn boy. (coordinate) They lived in a white frame house. (non-coordinate) She often wore a gray wool shawl. (non-coordinate) Your cousin has an easy, happy smile. (coordinate) ©2015HappyEdugator

1. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A. Among the books were the following items, a pen, a pencil, a pad of paper, and folder. B. Among the books were the following items: a pen, a pencil, a pad of paper, and a folder. C.Among the books were the following items; a pen, pencil, a pad of paper, and a folder. D.Among the books were the following items - a pen, pencil, a pad of paper, and a folder. ©2015HappyEdugator

2. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A. Open your folder, take out your homework and pass it forward. B.Open your folder; take out your homework; and pass it forward. C.Open your folder, take out your homework, and pass it forward. D.Open your folder: take out your homework and pass it forward. ©2015HappyEdugator

3. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.Mario likes to play- football, tennis, baseball and volleyball. B.Mario likes to play football, tennis, baseball, and volleyball. C.Mario likes to play: football, tennis, baseball and volleyball. D.Mario likes to play; football, tennis, baseball, and volleyball. ©2015HappyEdugator

4. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.Please take out the trash, and don't forget to put the lid on the can. B.Please take out, the trash, and don't forget to put the lid on the can. C.Please, take out the trash and don't, forget to put the lid on the can. D.Please, take out the trash, and don't forget to put the lid on, the can. ©2015HappyEdugator

5. Choose the sentence with punctuation errors. A.The waitress asked, "Would you like anything else?" B.Bobby asked for eggs and toast for breakfast. C.Henry took a long nap but he was still tired. D.Mrs. Todd calmed the excited, noisy children. ©2015HappyEdugator

6. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.I have cousins in Frankfort, Kentucky, Portland, Oregon, and Sacramento, California. B.I have cousins in Frankfort, Kentucky- Portland, Oregon- and Sacramento, California. C.I have cousins in Frankfort, Kentucky; Portland, Oregon; and Sacramento, California. D.I have cousins in Frankfort, Kentucky: Portland, Oregon: and Sacramento, California. ©2015HappyEdugator

7. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A. The field trip to the park should be fun we are all going to bring a game to play. B. The field trip to the park should be fun, we are all going to bring; a game to play. C. The field trip to the park should be fun we; are all going to bring a game to play. D. The field trip to the park should be fun; we are all going to bring a game to play. ©2015HappyEdugator

7. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.The field trip to the park should be fun we are all going to bring a game to play. B. The field trip to the park should be fun, we are all going to bring; a game to play. C. The field trip to the park should be fun we; are all going to bring a game to play. D. The field trip to the park should be fun; we are all going to bring a game to play. ©2015HappyEdugator

8. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.Amanda lives at 728 Sycamore Street, Two Mills, Pennsylvania. B.Amanda lives at 728 Sycamore Street, Two Mills Pennsylvania. C.Amanda lives at, 728 Sycamore Street, Two Mills, Pennsylvania. D.Amanda lives at 728 Sycamore Street Two Mills, Pennsylvania. ©2015HappyEdugator

9. Which of the following sentences is punctuated correctly? A.John studied in the hall for his math quiz; however it was tough to focus because of the noise. B.John studied in the hall for his math quiz, however, it was tough to focus because of the noise. C.John studied in the hall for his math quiz; however; it was tough to focus because of the noise. D.John studied in the hall for his math quiz; however, it was tough to focus because of the noise. ©2015HappyEdugator

10. Which sentence has a comma error? A.Thanksgiving falls on November 24, 2011. B.Christmas falls on Sunday December 25, 2011. C.Justin Bieber was born on March 1, 1994. D.Coca Cola changed its formula to New Coke on April 23, 1985. ©2015HappyEdugator

Thank you for downloading my Punctuation – Using Commas PowerPoint. I hope that you enjoy the resource and get a lot of use out of it. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns. My email address is happyedug8r@msn.com. happyedug8r@msn.com Commercial Graphics used with permission from the following: Microsoft Design, GraphicStock.com For more teaching ideas and freebies, please click on the link to visit my blog! http://www.happyedugator.blogspot.com Also, I would love to have you follow me on Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/TheHappyEdugator.http://www.happyedugator.blogspot.com https://www.facebook.com/TheHappyEdugator Look for me on Google +, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, and Linked-In! Please leave feedback at My TPT Store. http://www.Teacherspayteachers.com/HappyEdugator. http://www.Teacherspayteachers.com/HappyEdugator Thank you and happy teaching! Deborah Hayes aka HappyEdugator ©2015HappyEdugator

©2015HappyEdugator. Commas Separate Ideas, Set off Special Elements, and Set off Quotations. Commas are used with lists Commas are used with addresses,

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©2015HappyEdugator. Commas Separate Ideas, Set off Special Elements, and Set off Quotations. Commas are used with lists Commas are used with addresses,

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