1. The Nanjing Decade: 1928-1937 HI 168: Lecture 8 Dr. Howard Chiang

3. OVERVIEW -Nanjing Government -Jinggangshan -Jiangxi Soviet -Japan in Manchuria, 1931-32 -Encirclement & Suppression Campaigns -Long March (of 25,000 Li) -Xi’an Incident

4. NANJING GOVERNMENT -Nanjing Government vs. Wuhan Administration of Wang Jingwei -Chiang married Song Meiling (Madame Chiang) in December 1927 -Beijing  Beiping [northern peace] -Zhang Xueliang - warlord of Manchuria -Organic Law of the National Government of the Republic of China -Organic Law of the Five Yuan

5. Wang Jingwei

6. Song Meiling BBC ‘Extraordinary Women’ Series: http://www.bbcactive videoforlearning.com /1/TitleDetails.aspx?T itleID=25240 http://www.bbcactive videoforlearning.com /1/TitleDetails.aspx?T itleID=25240 http://www.bbcactive videoforlearning.com /1/TitleDetails.aspx?T itleID=25240

7. Chiang Kai- shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Madame Chiang at Cairo Conference (1943)

8. JINGGANGSHAN -Nanchang Rising (1927) led by Ye Ting, He Long, and other CCP members -Workers’ and Peasants’ Army -In autumn 1927, Mao’s army retreated from Hunan to Jinggangshan (on the borders of Hunan and Jiangxi) -The focus of the rural activities of CCP -CCP leaders (Zhu De and Chen Yi) joined forces with Mao in April 1928 -Retaken by GMD in January 1929

9. Jinggangshan ( 井岡山 )

10. Jiangxi

11. Jiangxi Soviet in Ruijin Mao’s bedroom ‘Great Hall of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China’ – woodland auditorium that seats up to 2000

12. Flag of Jiangxi Soviet

13. JIANGXI SOVIET -Ruijin: November 1931 to October 1934 -Subservient position of women in Chinese (rural) society - Regulations on Marriage (Dec 1931) -Inequalities in the ownership of the land - mimic the anti-kulak policies of the Soviet Union: replace kulaks with rich peasants -Land Investigation Movement: 1932-33

14. JAPAN IN MANCHURIA: 1931-2 -Since the Twenty-One Demands of 1915 -Tens of thousands of Japanese troops died in Manchuria during Russo-Jap War -Sept 1931: a bomb exploded on the track of the Southern Manchurian Railway -Japanese Guandong Army -Manzhouguo/Manchukuo: 1932-45 (Puyi) -Condemned by the League of Nations -Controlled east. part of Inner Mongolia

15. Pu Yi

16. ENCIRCLEMENT & SUPPRESSION CAMPAIGNS -GMD launched a series of military expeditions against the Jiangxi Soviet -1. December 1930: Huangpi failed -2. June 1931: Jiangxi-Fujian border failed -3. July 1931: Nanchang failed -4. June 1932-Mar 1933: failed -5. October 1933-October 1934: Chiang committee far greater forces to it than had been deployed in previous ones

17. LONG MARCH OF 25,000 LI -1 Li = 500 meters -1. Guizhou (Oct 1934-Jan 1935) -2. Sichuan (Jan 1935) -3. Shaanxi (Aug-Oct 1935) -4. rest rejoined (Oct 1935- Oct 1936) -Significance: - away from Japan - Party meetings (Edgar Snow)

18. Zhang Guotao

19. XI’AN INCIDENT: DEC. 1936 -Chiang planning a 6 th extermination campaign – opposed by Zhang Xueliang (warlord of Manchuria) and Yang Hucheng (warlord of Shaanxi) -Dec. 9, 1936: 10,000 students marched -Dec. 12: Zhang and Yang held Chiang and a group of his senior advisors hostage for a week – eight demands -Zhou Enlai – main liaison btwn 2 parties -Second United Front: 1936-41

20. Zhang Xueliang

21. Zhou Enlai