1. AIDS – Where Education is the only Vaccine Dr. Bhavesh Patel Principal V.P. and R.P.T.P. Science College, Vallabh Vidyanagar Email- bhavesh1968@rediffmail.com

2. Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

3. HIV “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome” A specific type of virus (a retrovirus) HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. No Cure

4. AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system No Cure

5. AIDS – Spread very fast

6. Four Stages of HIV

7. Stage 1 - Primary Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people

8. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

9. Stage 3 - Symptomatic The symptoms are mild The immune system deteriorates emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

10. Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS The immune system weakens The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis

11. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Bacterial – Tuberculosis (TB) – Strep pneumonia Viral – Kaposi Sarcoma – Herpes – Influenza (flu)

12. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Parasitic – Pneumocystis carinii Fungal – Candida – Cryptococcus

13. Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

14. How HIV can NOT be transmitted Through air or by coughing and sneezing Through food or water Through sweat and tears By sharing cups, plates, and utensils with an infected person By touching, hugging and kissing an infected person By sharing clothes or shaking hands with an infected person By sharing toilets and bathrooms with an infected person By living with an infected person By mosquitoes, fleas, or other insects

15. Testing Options for HIV

16. Anonymous Testing No name is used Unique identifying number Results issued only to test recipient 23659874515 Anonymous

17. Confidential Testing Person’s name is recorded along with HIV results – Name and positive results are reported to the State Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Results issued only to test recipient

18. Blood Detection Tests Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Western Blot Confirmatory test

19. Urine Testing Urine Western Blot – As sensitive as testing blood – Safe way to screen for HIV – Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

20. Oral Testing Orasure – The only FDA approved HIV antibody. – As accurate as blood testing – Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. – NOT A SALIVA TEST!

21. Counseling

22. Pre-test Counseling Transmission Prevention Risk Factors Voluntary & Confidential Reportability of Positive Test Results

23. Post-test Counseling Clarifies test results Need for additional testing Promotion of safe behavior Release of results

24. Treatment Options

25. Antiretroviral Drugs Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors – AZT (Zidovudine) Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors – Viramune (Nevirapine) Protease inhibitors – Norvir (Ritonavir)

26. Opportunistic Infection Treatment Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

27. Start saying NO It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Avoid unsafe sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. Avoid intravenous drug use

28. Protected Sex Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

29. When Using A Condom Remember To: Make sure the package is not expired Make sure to check the package for damages Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of tearing Never use the condom more than once Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

30. Sterile Needles If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it must be disinfected: – Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at least 30 seconds. – thoroughly rinse with water – Do this between each person’s use

31. Needle Exchange Program Non-profit Organization, which provides sterile needles in exchange for contaminated ones

32. AIDS Prevention is the only CURE

33. Thank You! Any Question?