1. Temperature - A measure of how hot or cold. Measured in Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. THERMAL ENERGY AND MATTER

2.  Total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.  Thermal energy increases with more mass or higher temperature  Two coffees, same temperature. Large coffee has more matter, so it has more thermal energy. WHAT IS THERMAL ENERGY?

3.  Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another.  Moves from high to low thermal energy. HEAT

4.  Temperature measures the average speed of molecules in a substance.  Related to KE = ½ mv 2 of a substance’s molecules. RELATIONSHIP TO KINETIC ENERGY

5.  Particles of matter move faster as temperature increases.  Distance between particles increases and move farther apart. THERMAL EXPANSION

6.  Specific Heat - Amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of mass by 1 degree Celsius.  Specific heat equation: Q = mc ΔT Q = Thermal energy in Joules c = specific heat of a substance m = mass in gram ΔT = change in temperature in Celsius (starting temperature minus final temperature) WHAT IS SPECIFIC HEAT? HOW IS IT CALCULATED?

7.  Substances with lower specific heat take less energy to increase temperature.  Think about seat belt buckle on a summer day (plastic vs. metal part). SPECIFIC HEAT OF SUBSTANCES

8. RADIATION  Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.  Radiation is the only type of heat transfer that can travel through empty space.  Not all radiation is lethal to life.

9. CONDUCTION: HEAT TRANSFER BY CONTACT  Conduction is a type of heat transfer where thermal energy is transferred by contact.  Atoms bump into nearby atoms and transfer their kinetic energy.  Cannot occur through empty space.

10. CONVECTION  A fluid (gas or liquid) is heated, molecules spread out and become less dense.  Fluid rises and loses heat.  Molecules move closer together, become more dense, and sink.

11.  Literally means heat (thermo) movement (dynamics)  First Law – Energy must be conserved (cannot be created or destroyed).  Second Law – Work must be done to move energy from a cold object to a warm object.  Third Law – Absolute zero cannot be reached. THERMODYNAMICS