1. The Great War and Cultural Memory

2. Memory of WW1 The origin of ‘modern memory’ Shell-shock, trauma: individual and collective 9 million casualties Britain: 750.000 + 230.000 (Spanish flu) H.H. Asquith (PM); Kipling; A. A. Milne, Hugh Lofting

3. Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme

4. Thiepval (Sir Edwin Lutyens, 1928-32)

5. Tyne Cot cemetery

6. Menin Gate (Ypres)

7. Menin Gate

8. Menin Gate (inside of the earch)

9. Will Longstaff: Menin Gate at Midnight (1927)

10. War memorial (Aldeburgh, Suffolk)

11. Sir Edwin Lutyens: Cenotaph, London „Curiously symptomatic – that thing. Monument to the dread of swank – most characteristic” (20). Post-war aversion to „the fine, the large, the florid [...] No far-sighted views, no big schemes, no great principles” (Sir Lawrence Monk in John Galsworthy: The White Monkey, 1924

12. The Cenotaph in Whitehall

13. Remembrance poppies

14. Myths of the Great War trench warfare art vs historiography ‘History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake’ (Stephen Dedalus) ‘literary war’ 1920s-1930s: 400 ‘war novels’ the very idea of ‘English literature’ memory and canon: John Oxenham - Wilfred Owen (1960: Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem)

15. Memory and literature Difficulties of commemoration/remembering Memory, countermemory, repression WW1: premonition of ‘modern life’ absurdity, anxiety Walter Benjamin: ‘end of storytelling’ ‘at the end of the war,...men returned from the battlefield grown silent; not richer, but poorer in communivable experience’ Poetry: difficulty of speaking ‘on behalf’ of the dead

16. the ‘war boom’ (1929-30) R. C. Sherriff: Journey’s End (1928) „to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war” (Paul Bäumer in E.-M. Remarque’s All Quieton the Western Front, 1929)

18. ‘total war’ 1916: compulsory army service Unrestricted submarine war (1915: the sinking of the Lusitania) British fair play, ‘playing the game’ – German barbarity gas attacks tanks Lord Kitchener: ‘I don’t know what to be done; this isn’t war.’

20. Eric Kennington: Gassed and Wounded

21. Richard Nevinson: La patrie

22. Richard Nevinson: Paths of Glory

23. John Singer Sargent. Gassed

24. Eric Kennington: Making Soldiers (The Gas Mask)

25. Percy Smith: Men in Gas Masks

26. Nevinson:Column on March

27. Nevinson: Returning to the Trenches

28. Richard Nevinson: Night Arrivals

29. Paul Nash: Ypres Salient at Night

30. Wyndham Lewis: A Battery Shelled

31. Wyndham Lewis: Cover of the war issue of Blast

32. Paul Nash: Menin Road

33. Richard Nevinson: After a Push

34. William Orpen: Zonnebeke

35. Paul Nash: We Are Making a New World

36. From Abel Gance: J’accuse

37. J’accuse

38. Percy Smith: Death Awed

39. Otto Dix: Der Krieg tryptich (1929-32)