1. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center 9 th June 2016 Experimental study on thermal energy storage characteristics of a spray-type packed bed Ningning Xie Energy storage R&D Center, IET, CAS xieningning@iet.cn

2. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Contents  Introduction  Key problems for Spray-type packed bed  Data Processing and Analysis  Conclusions

3. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Introduction Grid safety promotion Grid safety promotion Large scale access of renewable energy Traditional power grid District energy system optimization Intermittent/volatility No grid, abandoned wind/solar Low Power load Low Power utilization Micro grid Security Emergency Power Supply energy conservation Promotion Energy structure optimization Energy structure optimization Energy is stored to be used at a different time after it is generated. Safe Efficient Low carbon Energy Storage System

4. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Sensible Thermal Energy Storage technologies Direct: TES fluid=working fluid Sensible TES Indirect: TES fluid≠working fluid

5. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Packed bed Thermal Energy Storage technologies Wide temperature range: High area-volume ratio and high efficiency ： >500m 2 /m 3 By the themocline region goes back and forth, efficiency can be >90%. Low cost: <100$/1000kg ~-200°C 0°C ~800°C Solid particles 100°C400°C water oil molten salt Thermocline High Temp Low Temp

6. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Solar thermal power system solar collectorthermal storagepower generation  Thermal storage unit solve the problem of unstable solar energy and prolong the power generation time et al.  The cost of thermal storage unit is more than 20% of the total construction cost.  More than 80% are solar parabolic trough and Linear Fresnel power generation technology (T<500 ℃ ) T<500 ℃ 500 ℃ <T<1000 ℃ Cost of a solar thermal power system Parabolic trough Tower Linear Fresnel Dish Why focus on Packed Bed?

7. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Contents  Introduction  Key problems for Spray-type packed bed  Data Processing and analysis  Conclusions

8. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center  Design and optimization of distributor/nozzle  Heat transfer between liquid and packed bed  Static and dynamic liquid holdup  Thermal storage behavior Key problems for Spray-type packed bed

9. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Contents  Introduction  Key problems for Spray-type packed bed  Data Processing and analysis  Conclusions

10. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Data Processing and Analysis Design and optimization of distributor/nozzle the volume flow distribution of distributor Visualization on distribution of droplets  The distribution effect of distributors and nozzles of different structures.  Visualization on distribution of droplets. the volume flow distribution of nozzle

11. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Design and optimization of distributor/nozzle velocity contours of multi-orifice two-layer- plane distributor volume flux distribution with crossing array ， multi-orifice two-layer-plane Visualization on distribution of droplets  Numerical simulations of distributors. Data Processing and Analysis

12. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Static and dynamic liquid holdup Contrast of liquid holdups with water and thermal oil  Build a experimental rig for principle proof.  Both static and dynamic liquid holdup  Effect of flow rate and different HTF(Water and thermal oil) Result  Total holdup increase with flow rate.  At low flow rate, total holdup of water=0.08, thermal oil=0.12  Means thermal oil volume is only 4.8% of total volume of devices. Total holdup=static holdup + dynamic holdup β= holdup volume/void volume Data Processing and Analysis

13. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center The relation between liquid holdup and flow rate with oil being heat transfer fluid Relationship between liquid hold up and the ratio of height of packed bed to diameter of heat storage ball Contrast of heat storage performance curves at different temperature and flow rate Contrast of heat storage performance curves at the same temperature and flow rate Schematic diagram of experimental set-up Data Processing and Analysis

14. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Axial temperature profile during charging Radial temperature profile during charging Thermal storage behavior  TES performance of charging-discharging circles of different temperatures and flow rates were studied.  Up to 85% thermal energy storage efficiency was obtained. Data Processing and Analysis

15. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center The profile of temperature differences between placements in axial direction at the center of packed bed with time under different flow rate The profile of temperature differences between placements in axial direction at the center of packed bed with time at flow rate 100L/H Data Processing and Analysis

16. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center The GIF of charging process on 10kW spray type packed bed The comparison between simulation and experimental data in radial direction at the center of packed bed, at 100L/H,100 ℃， t=2500s The comparison between simulation and experimental data in axial direction at the center of packed bed, at 200L/H,100 ℃， t=1800s The comparison between simulation and experimental data in radial direction at the center of packed bed, at 200L/H,100 ℃， t=1800s The comparison between simulation and experimental data in axial direction at the center of packed bed, at 100L/H,100 ℃， t=2500s Data Processing and Analysis

17. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Contents  Introduction  Key problems for Spray-type packed bed  Data Processing and analysis  Conclusions

18. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center contrast on unit cost of different thermal storage methods Thermal OilThermal Oil+ Packed bed Spray Type Packed Bed 100% thermal oil 60% solid +40% thermal oil 90% solid +10% thermal oil Contrast on unit cost of different thermal storage methods  Spray packed bed—a thermal storage unit with high efficiency and low cost will promote the commercial progress of solar thermal power systems.  The common TES units of thermal oil (~30$/kWh th ) ， steam(~120$/kWh th ) and molten salt (~30$/kWh th ) are expensive.  We propose the Spray Type Packed Bed TES technology, cost (~7.2$/kWh th ).  Benefit: little thermal oil in the void (<10%); small pump power. Conclusions

19. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Ministry of Science and Technology of PRC National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) Thankful to the fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC

20. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center Energy storage R&D Center, IET, CAS

21. 的 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 储能研发中心 Energy Storage R&D Center THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !