1. The New Monarchs

2. I. Medieval Kings Income from own estates Kings went to war and vassals followed due to obligation – Vassals- gained land in exchange for military service Nobles gave kings advice and counsel Shared power with the church Subordinate to the Pope

3. II. New Monarchs Income from estate + taxes on towns, merchants and peasants Professional armies paid by the royal treasury Centralized government based on well educated and loyal middle class members Negotiated a new relationship with the Church

4. III. France Charles VII (1422-1461) – Ended Hundred Years’ War – First permanent Royal Army – Strengthened finances through tax on salt and land Louis XI (1461-1483) – Expanded royal army – Economic growth through new industry Francis XI (1515-1547) – First to be called “your Majesty” – Agreement w/ Pope that king could nominate church officials

5. IV. England Henry VII (1485-1509) – Star Chamber used as political weapon – Encouraged wool industry Henry VIII (1509-1547) – Declared king the supreme head of the Church of England – Severed England's ties with the Catholic Church – Dissolved monasteries and confiscated land

6. V. Spain Iberian Peninsula – Diverse group of leadership among the Jewish and Muslim communities Ferdinand (1479-1516) and Isabella (1474-1504) – Marriage combined two most powerful royal houses – Reduced number of nobles on the royal council – Reconquista of Granada and expansion of Spanish Empire – Inquisition- to enforce religious conformity

7. VI. Consequences New monarchs consolidated royal power Foundation for modern France, England and Spain Not absolutism (1600s/17 th Century)