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Dramatic Terminology Keys to Understanding Drama as Literature
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Characterization A character’s personality is revealed through Appearance Speech Thoughts (hidden or open) Actions Statements of others
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The position of characters Protagonist Antagonist Foil Symbol Round Flat
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Character Motives (Motivation) Self-interest Goals Needs Wants Fears ?
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Irony Verbal Irony What is said is the opposite of what is meant EX: Antigone tells Ismene that the laws of the gods must mean nothing to her (to Ismene). Dramatic Irony The reader/audience knows more than the character EX: The audience knows who performed burial rites on Polyneices; Creon and the Sentry do not. Situational Irony The opposite of what is expected happens. EX: The Sentry returns (with Antigone in tow) after he swears he will never come back.
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Allusion A reference to a familiar person, place, event, statement, or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, sports, science, arts, etc. EX: The Chorus, in Ode 2, refers to the “gathering sorrow” that “looms” around the children of Oedipus. Contemporary ex: Speaking of building an ark when it rains for days.
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Metaphor & Simile Metaphor Speaking of something/someone as something else (transformational) EX: Creon calling Ismene a “snake… sucking (his) blood stealthily” Simile Comparison using “like” or “as” EX: Chorus saying that, for the house of Oedipus, "damnation… rises like a wave cresting…”
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Tone The attitude a writer takes toward a character, a subject, or the reader. Comes through details and words EX: Antigone: “Ah, Creon, / Think me a fool, if you like; but it may well be / That a fool convicts me of folly.”
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Imagery Language that appeals to the senses 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
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Performance Techniques Verbal Enunciation, pace Nonverbal vocal (expression) Pitch, rate, volume, tone Nonverbal physical (body language) Facial expressions Eye contact Gestures, postures, movements
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Greek Tragedy Outline Prologue Rising Action Climax / Turning Point Falling Action Catharsis Exodos Catastrophe
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Scenes in Greek Tragedy Prologue Parodos First Episode First Stasimon Second Episode Second Stasimon Third Episode Third Stasimon Fourth Episode Fourth Stasimon Exodos
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Tragedy Character wins sympathy of audience; Character falls due to Tragic flaw Circumstances beyond his/her control; Character discovers him/her true self; Character is defeated.
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Choral Odes Strophe (right to left) Antistrophe (left to right) Purposes Commentary Division Reflection Connection/ Allusion
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