2. EOC Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

3. Photosynthesis

4. Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotrophs - make their own food by using light energy; undergo photosynthesis Ex: Plants Heterotrophs - DO NOT make their own food; undergo cellular respiration Ex: Humans and animals

5. What Scientists Know Today CARBON DIOXIDE causes the mass of plants to INCREASE

6. Photosynthesis The process in which plants use light energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates

7. Photosynthesis Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + light  sugars + oxygen

8. Type of Energy Used During Photosynthesis Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) *** has 3 phosphate groups***

9. Stored Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ***has 2 phosphate groups***

10. Terminology Phosphorylation adding a phosphate group Dephosphorylation removing a phosphate group Exergonic releases energy Endergonic requires energy

11. Converting Stored Energy into Usable Energy When a cell needs energy it adds a phosphate group to ADP to turn it into ATP This process requires: 1)Phosphorylation 2)Energy (endergonic)

12. How Energy is Released from ATP The chemical bond between the second and third phosphate is broken This process requires: 1)Dephosphorylation 2)Releasing energy (exergonic)

13. ATP and ADP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0 xQg

14. Two Phases of Photosynthesis 1) Light - Dependent Reactions 2) Light Independent Reactions

15. Light Dependent Reactions in Photosynthesis In order for this process to take place it needs SUNLIGHT!

16. Products of Light Dependent Reactions 1)Oxygen 2)ATP 3)NADPH

17. Light Independent Reactions in Photosynthesis DO NOT need sunlight AKA Calvin Cycle

18. Products of the Calvin Cycle 1) Glucose (sugar) 2) NADP+ 3) ADP

19. LightH2OH2OO2O2 CO 2 SugarsNADP + ADP Light- Dependent reactions Calvin cycle Fill in the BLANKS!

20. Cellular Respiration

21. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic - requires oxygen Anaerobic - DOES NOT require oxygen

22. Definition for Cellular Respiration Process in which glucose and other food molecules are broken down to get energy. REQUIRES OXYGEN ***Glucose comes from carbohydrates***

23. Overview of Cellular Respiration Three Step Process: 1)Glycolysis 2)Kreb cycle 3)Electron Transport Chain

24. Equation for Cellular Respiration 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O +Energy Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

25. Glycolysis First step in releasing the ENERGY from GLUCOSE

26. Overall Products of Glycolysis Products: 1)2 ATP 2)2 NADH 3)2 Pyruvic acid (enter the Krebs Cycle)

27. Fermentation This process is Anaerobic

28. 2 Types of Fermentation 1)Alcoholic Fermentation 2)Lactic Acid Fermentation

29. The Krebs Cycle is also known as the Citric Acid Cycle

30. Products of the Krebs Cycle (1 glucose molecule) 8 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP

31. Role of the Electron Transport Chain To Convert NADH and FADH 2 into ATP

32. Products of Electron Transport Chain 1 NADH makes 3 ATP 1 FADH 2 makes 2 ATP

33. Number of ATP Made During Glycolysis 8 ATP

34. Number of ATP made during the Krebs Cycle 2 ATP

35. Total Amount of ATP made from 1 glucose molecule after undergoing Cellular Respiration Glycolysis + Krebs Cycle + ETC 2 ATP + 2 ATP + 34 ATP = 38 ATP

36. Determine the relationship between glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain