1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

2. Definitions
Stem cell: An immature cell that can differentiate into a more specific cell Hematopoietic Stem Cell: An immature cell that will become a cell of the blood-forming system
Scanning electron micrograph image of a human T lymphocyte. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Public Domain

4. Diseases Treated by HSCT
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
Myelodysplasia
Some non-cancerous diseases (multiple sclerosis, aplastic anemia)
KEY POINT: These are all diseases that involve the blood- forming (Hematopoietic) or immune system

5. What is a stem cell transplant?
Removal of a person’s cancerous blood-forming system
Replacement with a new disease-free blood-forming system
no changes made (CC BY-ND 2.0)

6. Why a stem cell transplant?
Aggressive or advanced disease
Disease unresponsive to traditional treatment
“Cure” or prolonged remission

7. Types of HSCT Allogeneic – Stem cells donated from another person
Used for: Leukemia and advanced lymphoma
Autologous – Stem cells harvested from your own body
Used for: Lymphoma and multiple myeloma
Syngeneic – Stem cells from an identical twin

9. Day 0 = Stem cell infusion (Happy Birthday!)

10. Day +1 to Engraftment Complete immunosuppression
Prophylaxis: Antibiotics, Antivirals, and Antifungals
Supportive therapy
WASH HANDS!
Day +28 bone marrow biopsy
By Own work (ISO 7010) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

11. Risks and Side Effects Infection Chemo SE
Acute or chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD)
GI tract, skin
Graft vs. host effect
Graft Failure

12. When it works… “Curative” Produces prolonged or indefinite remission
First successful BMT’s were done in the late 1960s, and some have now lived for 30+ years in remission
HOPE
World Health Organization. Public Domain