2. Trends in eLearning This presentation contains an Audio commentary throughout, so the sound will need to be turned on when viewing it. There are also a series of links to YouTube videos which you will be directed to click on during the presentation, so internet access with a broadband connection will be required. To view the presentation run the slide show and follow the audio instructions. 1

3. Trends in eLearning From Video tape to YouTube a long journey in a short time The use of moving images in education By Robert Hickey 2

4. The Evolution of film “Research about the use of moving images in education dates back to 1918 (Hoban & VanOrmer, 1951)” as cited in (Okolo, 2006, p. 48). 3

5. TV and Video Tape “Video technologies have been present in the classroom under different formats, including films, film clips, and video players, for more than four decades, (Ellington, Percival & Rice, 1993) as cited in (Barfurth & Michaud, 2008, p. 301). 4

6. From Analogue to Digital “Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) technology offers high- quality, interactivity and navigability, and has been used to good effect in educational offerings since the mid- 1990s” (Fill & Ottewill, 2006, p. 403). Digital Versatile Disc 5

7. Streaming Digital Video “Just as the VCR took the 16mm projector out of the classroom, streaming video revolutionizes the way visual content is used in the classroom” (Holland, 2005, p. 6). 6

8. The History of YouTube “What makes YouTube a hit is its ability to transcode anything and produce an easy-to-watch and easy-to- embed streaming flash movie. You simply upload a video you made on a digital camera or camcorder, and YouTube’s computers turn it into a flash video” (Dvorak, 2006, p. 116). 7

9. YouTube for Teaching and Learning “the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Southern California, the University of New South Wales (in Australia), and Vanderbilt University have signed agreements with the site to set up official “channels”.” (Young, 2008, p. 14). 8

10. Education today and tomorrow “Web video opens a new form of public intellectualism to scholars looking to participate in an increasingly visual culture” (Young, 2008, p. 14). “We think a lot about how to present our work in writing, and when you shift into thinking about how to present this work visually, it actually forces you to think through things in new ways” (Wesch, 2008). “Digital Video technology has the potential to support teaching strategies like collaborative learning, inquiry learning, and project-based learning” (Barfurth & Michaud, 2008, p. 301). 9

11. Example of using YouTube for teaching “the dynamic nature of video can help students develop a rich mental model of problem situations, leading to higher level reasoning and more effective problem solutions” (Okolo, 2006, p. 48). “video clips can be shown over and over again for reinforcing a concept” (Whitaker, 2005, p. 32). 10

12. Using youTube for teaching people with Disabilities “Some of the earliest development and research in the use of video-based technology for instruction was targeted for individuals who have significant hearing problems, including Dillingham, Roe, and Roe (1982) and Pollard (1985)” as cited in (Ayres & Langone, 2008, p. 1). 11

13. Using youTube for teaching people with Intellectual Disabilities “The use of video for teaching students with intellectual disabilities and autism is founded on a blend of theories and philosophical approaches, Many of the social learning principles explicated by Bandura (cf. Bandura, 1977) drive the work of those focused on the potency of video for modeling academic, functional, and social behaviors.” as cited in (Ayres & Langone, 2008, p. 2). 12

14. The future for Video is Mobile “The future will undoubtedly include the use of video on portable DVD players, SmartBoards (e.g. Mechling, Gast, & Krupa, 2007), and other video delivery media (perhaps SmartPhones)” (Ayres & Langone, 2008, p. 5). 13

15. Video References Slide 3 http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=dVKTX_Sbwzwhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=dVKTX_Sbwzw Slide 4 http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=2b-oGXbzXkohttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=2b-oGXbzXko Slide 5 http://www.videojug.com/interview/digital- cameras-and-film-camerashttp://www.videojug.com/interview/digital- cameras-and-film-cameras Slide 7 http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=x2NQiVcdZRYhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=x2NQiVcdZRY Slide 9 http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=Fnh9q_cQcUEhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=Fnh9q_cQcUE Slide 10http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=pbHz2M4UjyEhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=pbHz2M4UjyE Slide 11http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=KzuYFdZKSichttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=KzuYFdZKSic Slide 12http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=aC4dM9_9G- w&feature=relatedhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=aC4dM9_9G- w&feature=related Slide 13http://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=8NjH5F- ATbI&feature=relatedbhttp://ie.youtube.com/watch?v=8NjH5F- ATbI&feature=relatedb 14