1. Dynamic Memory and Remote Fx Perumal Raja Dell India R & D Centre

2. Agenda  Virtualization & Memory  VM Memory Techniques  Dynamic Memory  Virtualization Trend  RemoteFx Technology  Demo

3. Virtualization & Memory  Memory  Key factor to the number of running VMs  Possibly most expensive asset in system  Customer Requirements  Improve density, with minimal performance impact  Maintain consistent performance  Don’t provide a feature that’s unsuitable for production use

4. VM Memory Techniques  Memory Overcommit  To allocate more memory than physically present  Memory overcommit techniques  Page Sharing  Second Level Paging  Memory Optimization  Dynamic Memory

5. Page Sharing  How it works: 1. Hash all memory and store it in a table 2. Identify the common hashes 3. Perform a bit by bit comparison 4. If identical pages are found then share them 5. Keep doing this over and over  What’s the problem with it:  Page Sharing isn’t dynamic – cannot share pages “on demand”  Unworkable performance vs. efficiency tradeoff  Not effective with large pages

6. Second Level Paging  Issue 1: Swapping Guest Kernel Resources  The hypervisor cannot tell the difference and could swap out a Guest Kernel page or clean guest buffer pages which impacts Guest performance  Issue 2: Double Paging  The hypervisor swaps out a page that the Guest then swaps out which cause the hypervisor to immediately page memory back in again  Issue 3: Memory vs Disk Performance  Memory’s are much faster than Disk

7. Dynamic Memory Goals  Higher VM consolidation ratios with minimal performance impact  Works well for both server and desktop workloads  Add minimal overhead to the system  Dynamic Memory treats memory like we treat CPU resources  Dynamically schedulable resource

8. Adding/Removing Memory  Adding Memory  Enlightened fashion  Synthetic Memory Driver (VSP/VSC Pair)  No hardware emulation  Lightweight  Removing Memory  Removing memory is hard  Ballooning is more efficient I

9. Dynamic Memory Requirements  Host Requirements  Service Pack 1 must be applied  Guest Requirements  Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1*  Windows Server 2008 SP2*  Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2*  Windows Server 2003 SP2*  Win7 Enterprise and Ultimate  Vista Enterprise and Ultimate  Both x64 and x86 architectures supported * Only STD, ENT, DC and Web editions are supported

10. Dynamic Memory Configuration

11. RemoteFX 11

12. Virtualization Trends 12

13. RemoteFx Architecture Separate host intercept for each graphics stack & client equivalents – gaps Can lead to better bandwidth utilization for intercepted graphics types RDP Client Rendering RDP Host Rendering Leverages Rich Client HW and SW Single intercept point for all graphics – predictable and complete UX Typically requires more bandwidth as traffic is sent as compressed bitmaps Lightweight Clients & Complexity Shifted to Host

14. RemoteFx Architecture W7 Guest OS VGPU Driver Hyper-V Parent Partition RCC VMBUS Hyper-V Integrated Shared Memory Comms Hyper-V Integrated Shared Memory Comms UMRDP GPU VGPU output rendered to physical GPU via DirectX. First phase of CODEC runs on GPU. Screen deltas captured GPU. Inter-VM Communications Optionally offloads CODEC from CPU/GPU increasing fidelity and scale. Protocol Fundamentals (e.g. Authn, Encryption, & Client device Redirection) WDDM driver exposes parent GPU to guest OS. RemoteFX Hardware ASIC and Driver WS08 R2 Hyper-V Server 14

15. RemoteFX-enabled RDS Server Infrastructure RemoteFX-enabled Remote Client Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Graphics Virtual Channels (VCs) Mouse & Keyboard VCs Partner Virtual Channel Plug-Ins Bulk Compression (RDP5+, RDP6.0, RDP6.1) Virtual Channel Multiplexing and Framing Security Layer (SSL/Kerberos/NTLM) Transport Layer (e.g. TCP, RPC/HTTP, Windows Live Tunnel) Device VCs Device VCs RemoteFX leverages the RDP protocol structure RDSH (TS) RDVH RemoteFX ‘Payload’

16. RemoteFX requirements  SLAT-enabled processor  GPU – Atleast one GPU that support DirectX 9.0 and DirectX 10.0*  RemoteFX encoder  Hyper-V requirements  Hyper-V Host - Windows server 2008 R2 SP1**  Hyper-V Guest - Win 7 SP1***  Remote Client Device  Windows 7 with SP1  Devices with RDP 7.1 * RemoteFX uses WDDM driver. ** Supported only in STD, ENT and DC ***Supported only in ENT and Ultimate

17. Demo 17

18. Thank You 18