1. ANIMAL PHYLA

2. Phylum Porifera The name porifera means “pore-bearing” This phylum consists of the sponges

3. Phylum Cnidaria Have cnidocytes or stinging cells in tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths Have two basic body forms; medusa and polyp  Medusa is a free-floating, umbrella shaped organism  Polyp is a tube-like organism usually attached to rocks or other objects

4. Phylum Cnidaria (cont.) Include jellyfish sea anemones, hydras, and corals

5. Phylum Platyhelminthes The flatworms This group includes the free-living flatworms and the parasitic flatworms: flukes and tapeworms

6. Phylum Nematoda Slender, unsegmented worms Some are free-living and others are parasitic

7. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Include the earthworm and leeches

8. Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell Include the snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopi

9. Phylum Arthropoda Have segmented bodies Have tough exoskeletons made of chitin Have jointed appendages Divided into:  Crustaceans  Chelicerates  Uniramians

10. Crustaceans Include:  Crabs  Shrimp  Lobster  Crayfish  Barnacles

11. Chelicerates Include:  Horseshoe crabs  Spiders  Ticks  Scorpions

12. Uniramians Include:  Centipedes  Millipedes  Insects

13. Phylum Echinodermata Have an endoskeleton Have 5 part radial symmetry Include:  Sea urchins  Sand dollars  Brittle stars  Sea cucumbers  Sea stars

14. Phylum Chordata Have a nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Tail Include:  Class Chondrichthyes  Class Osteichthyes  Class Amphibia  Class Reptilia  Class Aves  Class Mammalia

15. Class Chondrichthyes These are the cartilaginous fishes Their skeleton is made of cartilage, not bone Most have toothlike scales covering their skin Includes the sharks, rays, and skates

16. Class Osteichthyes These are the bony fishes

17. Class Amphibia Vertebrates that live in water as larva and on land as an adult Breathes with lungs as an adult, has moist skin that contains mucus glands, and lacks scales Includes the frogs, toads, and salamanders

18. Class Reptilia Vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes Include the lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles, and tortoises

19. Class Aves Reptile-like animals that maintain a constant internal body temperature Covered with feathers Have two legs covered with scales Front limbs are modified into wings

20. Class Mammalia Mammals have hair, mammary glands, and four-chambered hearts Mammals breathe air and are endothermic Include the Monotremes, which lay eggs and the Marsupials, which bear live young early in their development Also, includes the placental mammals