1. LMO RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER THE IPPC AND THE CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY Velia Arriagada Rios Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Chile

2. The IPPC pest definition  “Any species, strains or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plant or plant products”,

3. Important to highlight  The IPPC pest definition does not prejudge about the genetic condition of the “any species, strains o biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent”  When the ISPM N° 11 was revised to include the LMO s, its inclusion does not alter the scope of the original ISPM N°11 and only clarify issues related to LMO s.

4. The new challenges  The change in the application of scientific research necessitates that NPPOs must now assess the plant pest risk of organisms that have not been recognized before as obvious plant pests but nevertheless may pose a Phytosanitary risk.

5. The reasons to formulate ISPM N°11  to identify pests or pathways of quarantine concern  To evaluate the risk of pest or pathways  to identify endangered areas  if appropriate, identify risk management options.

6. RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA Request to import a conventional or modified plant or plant product Request to import a conventional or modified plant or plant product  The plant or plant product could be a potential pest?  To make a list of pest likely to be associated with the plant or plant product  To Assess which of the pest follow the pathway  To consult the NPPO of country of origin about the official pest status  To compare with the pest status in the importing country

7. RELEVANT STEPS IN THE PRA  To assess every pest individually to determine if they have the potential to establish and spread (intended use and biological characteristics of the pest), and the potential for economic consequences if the introduction is concreted.  To decide if the pest risk management is necessary and the strength of the measures to be used.

8. LMO RISK ANALYSIS  IPPC (ISPM N 11)  Applicable to LMO s that meet the definition of a quarantine pest  Includes elements of risk assessment (the probability and potential economic consequences including environmental impacts of introduction and spread).  Includes detailed discussion of risk management options.  CARTAGENA PROTOCOL  Applicable to LMO s that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking into account risk to human health  contains provisions on Risk Assessment (Article 15 and Annex 3)  Contains provisions on Risk management (Article 16)

9. DUTIES IPPC  Information regarding pest status is an obligation under IPPC. : Article VIII International cooperation  taking appropriate measures to avoid introduction and spread of such pests CP  article 16, paragraph 5. Parties shall cooperate identifying living modified organism that may have adverse effects  taking appropriate measures regarding the treatment of such living modified organism

10. MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN IPPC AND CBD SECRETARIATS  To a better coordination  to facilitate the synergy between the activities of governing bodies of both treaties on Biosafety  including the development of international standards in issues of common interests.  Between the specific issues that are likely to involve future cooperation between IPPC and CBD Secretariats include LMO s

11. AN EXAMPLE SEE THE TRANSPARENCY

12. CONCLUSSIONS 1. the potential Phytosanitary risk that may be associated with LMO s could also be associated with non LMO s 2.In case of conventional plants and plant products ISPM N°11 is focused to show if the pest associated are considered quarantine pest, but in case of LMO s, is being used, in a practical sense, to show the organism it is no an obvious pest.

13. CONCLUSSIONS 3.Other important difference is in case of conventional pest and pathways, the actions established like Phytosanitary measures are adopted and certified by the export country, but in case of LMO s the main Phytosanitary measures are adopted in the importing country 4.The pest risk analysis of conventional and modified organisms of potential Phytosanitary concern follows the same basic principles, mechanisms and steps.

14. CONCLUSSIONS 5. The principles, objectives, methodologies under the IPPC and the Cartagena Protocol are fully compatibles

15. THANKS A LOT