1. A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2. CONTRACT OF AS PE……… I agree to…… 1.Complete homework and hand in on time 2.Attend all lessons 3.Catch up on work when absent 4.Learn to become independent learners Do extra reading outside of lessons as 1 hour a week is not enough!!!!!!!

3. 5. Enjoy AS PE IT’S GOING TO BE A HARD WORKING YEAR BUT I HAVE FAITH IN ALL OF YOU!!!!!!!!

4. CIRCULATORY MUSCULAR RESPIRATORY SKELETAL NERVOUS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

5. Learning Objectives To be know the different types of bone and functions of the skeleton To understand what makes up bone SKELETAL SYSTEM

6. There are 206 bones in the human body - the larger bones are: Cranium Scapula (hidden) Clavicle Sternum Lumbar Vertebrae Femur Tibia Fibula Phalanges HumerusRadius Metacarpals Phalanges Ribs UlnaCarpals Pelvis Patella Tarsals Metatarsals

7. TASK You have 3 minutes to label the diagram of the skeleton

8. The Functions of the Skeleton The skeleton is a rigid supporting framework of bones inside the body, to which all the soft tissues and organs are attached. Together, the bones and muscles form a machine which can perform many different tasks. grow in size. repair its own broken parts. lubricate its own joints. support internal organs. The skeleton can: The 4 main functions of the Skeleton are: Protection Support Movement Blood Cell Production

9. Functions of the Skeleton - Summary 1. Protection The cranium protects the soft tissue of the brain. 2. Movement The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body. 3. Blood Production Red blood cells are made in the ribs and limb bones. 4. Support The bones of the legs support the body. 5. Support The vertebrae support the head. 6. Protection The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs. 7. Movement The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, run and sprint.

10. The Vertebral Column Movement: The joints in the spine allow bending and twisting. Support: The spine is long and strong to support other body parts, e.g. the head. Protection: The spine is hard and protects the nerves running through the middle, i.e. the spinal cord. It is made up of 34 vertebrae, which are divided into 5 regions, each having its own function.

11. Cervical Vertebrae (7): Support the head, allowing it to bend and twist. Thoracic Vertebrae (12): The ribs are connected to these - there is very little movement. Lumbar Vertebrae (5): These are big and allow powerful twisting and bending of the back. Sacrum Vertebrae (5): These form one solid mass which is fused to the pelvis. Coccyx Vertebrae (5): These are the remains of our tail. The Vertebral Column TASK: Name the 5 areas of the vertebral column?

12. Types of Bones There are 4 main types of bones in the human body. Long Tubular Bones Long Tubular Bones – These are long and affect our overall height, e.g. the legs & arms (femur & humerus). Short Bones Short Bones – These are smaller and are often found with many others, e.g. the feet & hands (phalanges). Flat Bones Flat Bones – These are flat and are often found forming a protective surface, e.g. the skull (cranium) and pelvis. Irregular Bones Irregular Bones – These are irregular in shape and have a specific function, e.g. the bones of the spine (vertebral column).