1. Kevin Browne Muscles (Origin and Insertion) and steady state Exercise

2. Learning outcomes To be define what origin and insertion is in relation to muscles To be able to identify at least 5 insertion and Origins in the body Identify the changes that occur in the body in relation to steady state exercise To be able to identify and explain the effects on the CV, neuromuscular and respiratory system Please note that these Notes are an OUTLINE you are expected to read about the topic for your Assignment

3. Origin and Insertion Origin The origin of a muscle is the point at which it attaches to a bone (usually) or another muscle. The structure that the origin is attached to is not moved by the contraction of the musclemuscle bonecontraction Insertion The opposite end of the muscle is called the insertioninsertion

4. Origin and Insertion worksheet Using the work sheet that has been given to work in small groups of 3s Use the muscle diagrams and fill in the blanks on the task sheet

5. MuscleOriginInsertionAction Serratus anteriorUpper ribs Pulls scapula anterior and down Pectoralis majorHumerous Flexes and adducts Humerous Latissimus dorsi Spine of the vertebrae and iliac crest Humerous Deltoid Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Abducts extends and flexes arm Vastus medialisFemur Patella and tibial tuberosity by patella tendon Gluteus maximusFemur SoleusFibula and posterior tibia

6. MuscleOriginInsertionAction Serratus anteriorUpper ribsScapula Pulls scapula anterior and down Pectoralis majorClavicle and sternumHumerous Flexes and adducts Humerous Latissimus dorsi Spine of the vertebrae and iliac crest Humerous Extends and adducts arm and rotates inwardly DeltoidScapula and clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Abducts extends and flexes arm Vastus medialisFemur Patella and tibial tuberosity by patella tendon Gluteus maximusSacrum coccyx and iliumFemur Abducts and rotates medially SoleusFibula and posterior tibiacalcaneusPlantar flexion

7. Steady state exercise Once we have been performing continuous exercise for 20 minutes (jogging on the treadmill) the body adapts to this continuous exercise Various changes occur in the CV System, respiratory, neuromuscular, and energy systems

8. Cardiovascular system Heart rate levels off (what does this mean) Increase in stroke volume (sv) Vasodilatation of blood vessels to the working muscle (such as the legs if we are jogging) Blood pressure levels off Thermoregulation We go into these in more detail

9. Respiratory Tidal volume levels off (what is Tidal volume again? Breathing rate levels off Oxygen is unloaded from haemoglobin much more readily (this means that oxygen is able to travel around the body easier

10. Neuromuscular and Energy systems Neuromuscular Increased pliability of muscles Increased speed of neural transmissions Energy system Aerobic ATP production Now we will go more in depth of each system

11. Cardiovascular response to SSE Heart rate rises during the first few minutes of exercise then levels off Stroke volume: when exercising there is an increase in Venous return (look at your books for definition) the increase in volume means that the heart is stretched even more. This means that the heart contracts with more force and pumps out more blood with each beat (starlings law?) Blood flow When we exercise the blood has to redistributed to the main muscles that we are using such as the legs. The reason why? These muscle need more energy which means that they need more oxygen so more blood. What role does vasoconstriction and vasodilation play?

12. Continued Blood pressure Dilation of the blood vessels to the working muscles causes BP To drop but this is counter acted by the pressure caused by cardiac output Research what happens to systolic and diastolic at SES Thermoregulation This means keep the body at 37 c if the body temperature increases or decreases by 1c then this can affect an athlete performance both physically and mentally Excess heat is lost through sweat and blood vessels rising to the surface of the skin (what does this do) When the sweat evaporates it cools the surface of the skin

13. Neuromuscular response As we exercise the temperature of the muscles __________ Blu tac example This means that the muscle are able to stretch further and be shaped As the muscle warm up, the rate at which nervous impulses are sent and received are increased. The heat increases the speed of transmission

14. Energy response to SES What system are we using when we are exercising continuously for 20 minutes Aerobic system (with oxygen) this is the system that is responsible for producing the majority of our energy It uses a series of reactions the 1 st is aerobic glycolysis as it occurs oxygen is able to break down glucose. The gluscose is broken down into pyruvate but because we have oxygen it does not turn into lactic acid It continues to be broken down in a series of reactions

15. Continued Research task Research the krebs cycle and the electron transport system in 2-3 using the laptops. Use diagrams to help you Break each one down into small manageable stages Remember where you got your information. Why? References