1. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 1 Investigation on calibration of fuel ethanol flow meters Takashi Shimada, Ryouji Doihara, Noriyuki Fuiichi, Yoshiya Terao National Metrology Institute of Japan/AIST

2. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 2 Base Gasoline Ethanol Production facilityBlending Station Flowmeter for Ethanol Flowmeter for Ethanol To report Volume Custody meter for Ethanol Guarantee of quality Custody meter Taxation FM There is no calibration facility for ethanol flow in Japan. In many cases, water is used as alternative calibration liquid. Background Molasses Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane into sugar. Wikipedia Bio ethanol:

3. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 3 Liquid properties  Viscosity Water < Ethanol < Kerosene  Density Ethanol = Kerosene < Water 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 01020304050 Viscosity (mm 2 /s) Temperature (ºC) Viscosity Bio ethanol Ethanol Water Kerosene 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000 1,050 01020304050 Density (kg/m 3 ) Temperature (ºC) Density Water is used as a alternative liquid Differences of viscosity and density may affect on calibration results.

4. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 4 Rinsing problem  Viscosity of ethanol at 20 ºC =Kerosene at 35 ºC  Density of ethanol = Kerosene Relationship of water solubility Ethanol Water Kerosene Full Rinsing Simple rinsing Full Rinsing Hydrophilic nature Hydrophobic nature Rinsing problems are suspected to use kerosene as a alternative calibration liquid. Kerosene at 35 ºC can be used as a alternative calibration liquid? :tend to be dissolved by water :difficult to be dissolved by water

5. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 5 Purpose of this research  To establish temporary and simple ethanol flow standards which are traceable to water or hydrocarbon flow in NMIJ  To evaluate how much the differences of liquid properties between ethanol and alternative calibration liquid effect on calibration factor.  To confirm whether an implementation of replacing liquid of the flowmeter raises concerns or not.

6. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 6 Ethanol flow standard CMF-M  CMF-M (Mass out of Coriolis + Densitometer + Thermometer + Press. gauge) Mass flow output of Coriolis was converted to volumetric flow with liquid density through the CMF. Liquid density through the CMF was obtained by which the measured density using an off-line densitometer was corrected by pressure and temperature.  Small volume prover (SVP)

7. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 7 Small Volume Prover (SVP)  A free piston type SVP was designed for this project.  The cylinder is a precisely honed 4-inch stainless steel pipe.  Intrinsic safety type magnetic sensors detect the magnet inside the piston from outside the cylinder.  Standard volume between two detectors is about 4 L

8. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 8 Evaluated Flowmeters  PD1 (25 mm: Oval gear type positive displacement flowmeter ) Same type PD is installed in the blending station  PD2 (25 mm: Oval gear type positive displacement flowmeter ) For high viscosity liquid  TB (20 mm: Turbine flowmeter) Upstream pipe and tube-bundle straightener  CMF-V (Volumetric flow rate from the Coriolis in the CMF-M) Volumetric flow rate is converted with mass flow rate and internal density measurement in Coriolis flowmeters. CMF-VCMF-M Flow standard

9. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 9 Test Line of National Flow Standard Facility or Ethanol Blending Station Flow meter package Transferable Flowmeter Package TB PD2CFM PD1 SVP Flowmeters, SVP, pipes, valves, thermometers, pressure gauges, pulse counters and measurement recording system

10. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 10 Flow meter package SVP Coriolis PD2 Turbine meter PD1

11. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 11 SVP Flowmeters Pump Tank Ethanol Blending station Hydrocarbon Calibration facility Water Calibration facility Kerosene 1 (Sep.) Ethanol (Dec.) Kerosene 2 (Feb.-Mar.) Water (Jan.) Calibration

12. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 12 Miyakojima Tsukuba Miyakojima Taipei Ethanol blending system

13. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 13 Medium hydrocarbon flow calibration facility Test line Bypass line Header Diverter Weighing tank Weighing scale; 60 kg Dead weights Tank;2 m 3 Heat Exchanger Flow Pump Reference meter Weighing tank Diverter box Weighing scale  Flow rate 0.1 ~ 15 m 3 /h  Uncertainty 0.030 % ( k = 2 ) for volumetric flow rate 0.020 % ( k = 2 ) for mass flow rate  Working liquid Kerosene, Light oil, Spindle oil

14. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 14 Evaluation of standard for ethanol flow

15. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 15 Calibration facilities SVP There is no large difference between kerosene and water in the SVP coefficients. 0.05 % SVP Coefficient : calibrated by using hydrocarbon and water calibration facility

16. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 16 CMF-M Coriolis flowmeter and SVP have good stability at different liquids 0.1 % CMF-M: calibrated by using hydrocarbon and water calibration facility

17. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 17 CMF-M SVP (Coeff.=1.00077) Both methods (CMF-M and SVP) have good performance in ethanol. 0.1 % CMF-M: calibrated by using the SVP

18. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 18 Drifts of calibration factor caused by liquid replacement

19. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 19 At preliminary test in previous year 0.1 % Kerosene Replacing liquid could affect calibration factors between ethanol and other liquids to PD. PD1: calibrated by using SVP in preliminary test

20. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 20 -0.15 0.00 0.15 Deviation (%) Rinse by IPA:3 days Use at ethanol ： 3 days Rinse by IPA:3 days Rinse by Kerosene: 1 day PD1 Rinsing system  IPA(Isopropyl alcohol, 2- propanol) to rinse flowmeters Miscible in water, alcohol Dissolve many oils Rinsing system Pump Tank Flowmeters Date 3.0 m 3 /h 2.5 m 3 /h 2.0 m 3 /h 0.1 % Flowmeters were rinsed using IPA before liquids change. Kerosene

21. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 21 Evaluation of flowmeter performance on ethanol

22. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 22 ±0.1 % PD1 :Calibrated by SVP (Coeff. = 1.00077)

23. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 23 Flow rate (m 3 /h) Reynolds number TB :calibrated by SVP (Coeff. = 1.00077) ±0.1 %  No good linearity in the calibrated range  Good characteristic against Re within +/- 0.1 %.  Alternative liquid calibration could work using Reynolds number after enough rinsing

24. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 24 CMF-V Differences is caused by density measurement in the CMF CMF-V (Volumetric flow output) :calibrated in preliminary test 0.2 %

25. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 25 Calibration results of mass and volumetric flow -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.02.03.04.0 CMF A(CMF-V) (K fc – K fnom )/K fnom (%) CMF B FlowmeterMass flowVolumetric flow CMF A~ 0.1 %~ 0.5 % CMF B~ 0.05 %~ 0.08 % 0.5 % 0.1 % 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC Volumetric flow Mass flow Kerosene Deviation 0.0 1.02.03.04.0 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 Flow rate (t/h or m 3 /h)

26. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 26 -5 -4 -3 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 -4.0-2.00.02.04.0 Temperature effect on density measurement  Temperature readings are affected by the ambient temperature of 20 ºC.  Differences of the temperature in the CMF A are larger than those in the CMF B. Temp. reading - Liquid temp. (K) CMF A(CMF-V) Diff. Temperature (K) Diff. Density (kg/m 3 ) CMF B 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC Kerosene Density reading – Liquid density (kg/m 3 ) 4 K 0.5 % -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 -0.6-0.4-0.20.00.2 0.3 K 0.05 %

27. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 27 Thermal insulator on CMFs Differences of liquid temperature from ambient temperature around the CMFs is one of important sources to achieve high accuracy for volumetric flow in CMFs. (K fc – K fnom )/K fnom (%) -5 -4 -3 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 -4.0-2.00.02.04.0 Diff. Temperature (K) CMF A(CMF-V), Volumetric flow, Kerosene 10 ºC 20 ºC 35 ºC 35 ºC, insulation Insulation Insulation Flow rate (m 3 /h) Diff. Density (kg/m 3 ) -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.02.03.04.0

28. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 28 Summary 1/2 Ethanol flow standard  The CMF-M and the SVP have shown a good stability against changing of liquid properties.  These two methods (CMF-M and SVP) could be candidates for working standard of ethanol flow after being calibrated using the water or hydrocarbon calibration facility.

29. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 29 Summary 2/2 Flowmeter performance  A mechanical type flowmeter which is hard to rinse might be unsuitable for a liquid replacing operation between ethanol and other liquids.  However these flowmeters could be a good ethanol flowmeter as long as they are kept and calibrated in ethanol line.  A mass flow output type Coriolis flowmeter could be a good ethanol flowmeter even if it needs to be calibrated in an alternative liquid.  CMF-M could be a field master meter from another liquid standard.  A volume flow output of Coriolis flowmeter (CMF-V) should be cared in use for different condition from calibration.

30. APMP TCFF Workshop Nov. 22, 2013 30 Thank you for your attention. Any questions?